Clinical: DSM + ICD

Question 1

What does the DSM stand for?

Answer 1

Diagnostic and statistics manual

Question 2

Describe the DSM.

Answer 2

Describe the symptoms features and risks of over 300 mental illnesses. Clinicians gather info through observations and interviews.
Establish diagnosis by crossing disorders that it isn’t off a list in different axis until they are left with only 1.

Question 3

When was the DSM first published?

Answer 3

During WW2 in 1952.

Question 4

When was the latest update to do the DSM?

Answer 4

2013

Question 5

How long does diagnosis using the DSM take?

Answer 5

10 minutes up to several months.

Question 6

Evaluate the positive reliability of the DSM.

Answer 6

+Manual gives clinicians a standardised procedure to follow which increases reliability.
+Rosenhan found that 7/8 pseudo patients that presented the same symptoms were diagnosed with Sz.

Question 7

Evaluate the negative reliability of the DSM?

Answer 7

-Cooper found that there were low levels of agreement in diagnosing certain illnesses such as major depressive disorders.
-Self-fulfilling prophecy
May enhance their symptoms and behaviour.

Question 8

Evaluate the positive validity of the DSM.

Answer 8

+Qualitative data that is rich in detail is collected by clinicians so an accurate diagnosis is more likely.
+Concurrent validity is high between the DSM and the ICD. As both manuals agree on the symptoms of diagnosis this increases validity.

Question 9

Evaluate the negative validity of the DSM.

Answer 9

-Rosenhan’s pseudo patients weren’t discovered meaning clinicians can’t tell the sane from the insane and their diagnoses were incorrect.

Question 10

What does ICD stand for?

Answer 10

International statistical classification of disease and health problems.

Question 11

Why was the ICD created?

Answer 11

To monitor global mortality and combine global studies of mental illness, by involving the world health organisation.

Question 12

Describe the ICD.

Answer 12

Freely available resource for clinicians and researchers worldwide to act as a common language for diagnoses.

Question 13

How is the ICD coded?

Answer 13

Codes to index medical illnesses. Eg: F20 is schizophrenia.

Question 14

How do clinicians use the ICD to diagnose?

Answer 14

They select key words and symptoms from interviews like hallucinations. To discover the type then the subtype of their mental illness.

Question 15

Evaluate the positive reliability of the ICD?

Answer 15

+ICD is used globally and combines many different cultural differences and international studies.

Question 16

Evaluate the negative reliability of the ICD.

Answer 16

• Requires psychiatrists to judge another person so it’s option based and therefor subjective.
  -Although it was designed to be multicultural some countries may not accept certain disorders as real.

Question 17

Evaluate the positive validity of the ICD.

Answer 17

+Specific codes give detail to clinicians and make it more likely for a patient to land in the correct ballpark of diagnosis.

Question 18

Evaluate the negative validity of the ICD?

Answer 18

-Labelling
By diagnosing people you are labelling them with a disorder that may separate them from society and lead to self-fulfilling prophecy.