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Renal Exam 1 > Clinical - Disorders of Water Balance > Flashcards

Clinical - Disorders of Water Balance Flashcards

1
Q

What controls body water

A

Thirst
Vasopressin
Renal medullary concentration of urine

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2
Q

What is the first process in evaluating hyponatremia

A

Measure serum osmolality

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3
Q

What causes isosmotic hyponatremia

A

Isotonic infusions of glucose, mannitol, or glycine

HyperTG, hyperproteinemia

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4
Q

What causes hyperosmotic hyponatremia

A

Hypertonic infusions of glucose, mannitol, or glycine

Sever hyperglycemia

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5
Q

What is the workup for hyposmotic hypovolemic hyponatremia

A

Measure urine osmolality and Na concentration

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6
Q

What is the workup for hyposmotic hypervolemic hyponatremia

A

Measure urine osmolality and Na concentration

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7
Q

What is the workup for hyposmotic euvolemic hyponatremia

A

Measure cortisol and thyrotropin levels, urinary Na, and urine osmolality

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8
Q

What is the cause of hyposmotic hypovolemic hyponatremia

A

Volume depletion, thiazide diuretics, adrenal insufficiency

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9
Q

What is the cause of hyposmotic hypervolemic hyponatremia

A

Edematous state and renal failure

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10
Q

What is the cause of hyposmotic euvolemic hyponatremia

A

Hypothyrodism, Addison disease, SIADH

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11
Q

What are the lab findings in SIADH

A

Low concentrations of serum uric acid, serum creatinine, and serum urea nitrogen

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12
Q

What is the most serious causes of SIADH

A

Small cell carcinoma of the lungs

CNS disorders, drugs

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13
Q

What is the treatment for hypovolemic hyponatremia with symptoms

A

Hypertonic saline

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14
Q

What is the treatment for hypovolemic hyponatremia without symptoms

A

Isotonic saline

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15
Q

What is the treatment for hypervolemic hyponatremia

A

Diuretics and aquaretics

water restriction and furosemide diuretics

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of hypernatremia

A

Irritability, hyperreflexia, ataxia, seizures

17
Q

How do you treat hypovolemic hypernatremia

A

Saline followed by hypotonic solution

18
Q

How do you treat hyperpvolemic hypernatremia

A

Diuretics

19
Q

How do you treat euvolemic hypernatremia

A

Free water

Renal Exam 1 (7 decks)

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