Clinical - Acid Base Disorders Flashcards
What is the primary disturbance seen in metabolic acidosis
Decrease in bicarbonate
What is the secondary response seen in metabolic acidosis
Increased ventilation
What are causes of metabolic acidosis
Diabetic ketoacidosis, diarrhea or renal tubular acidosis, renal failure
What are the lab findings in metabolic acidosis
Myocardial depression, hyperkalemia, insulin resistance, anion gap less than 25
What are the causes of the normal anion gap acidosis
Excessive bicarbonate loss
Serum concentration of K
What is the normal range of the anion gap
8-12
What causes a high anion gap acidosis (MUDPILES)
methanol, uremia, diabetic, ketoacidosis, paraldehyde, isoniazid, iron, lactic acidosis, ethanol, ethylene, glycol, salicylates
What are the causes of hypokalemic normal anion gap metabolic acidosis
Diarrhea
Ureteral diversion
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
What are the causes of hyperkalemic normal anion gap metabolic acidosis
Acid load, arginine chloride, oral Ca chloride, Addison disease
What are the causes of Type 4 RTA
diabetes, interstitial nephritis, spironolactone, amiloride
What are the common causes of an osmolar gap
Ispropyl alcohol, methanol, ethylene glycol, ethanol, mannitol
What lab findings are unique to isopropyl alcohol ingestion
Increases the osmolar gap but not the anion gap
What is the treatment of toxic alcohol ingestion
Ethanol or another steric inhibitor is available for alcohol dehydrogenase, the toxic substance can be excreted
What is the primary disturbance seen in metabolic alkalosis
Plasma bicarbonate is increased
What are the causes of metabolic alkalosis
Exogenous alkali, acid loss through GI or kidney, steroid excess, hypercalcemia, hypoPTHism
