Clinical decision making

Question 1

Define clinical decisions

Answer 1

• The ability to sift and synthesise information, make decisions, and
  appropriately implement those decisions within a clinical
  setting.”

Question 2

What are some common diagnostic problems

Answer 2

• The definition of the problem requires more info that is available
• The problem unfolds over time
• No single right way of getting info
• as new information is obtained the problem changes

Question 3

Define clinical reasoning

Answer 3

• Defined as the thinking and decision-making processes required to achieve the goal of optimal patient care in which making a diagnosis is
  the first step
• A process of drawing conclusions based upon known or presumed facts
• Development of an accurate diagnosis and prognosis

Question 4

Describe the stages in clinical reasoning

Answer 4

1. Novice: use a list to gather as much info as possible
2. Competent
3. Proficient
4. Expert

Question 5

What are the different approaches to clinical reasoning

Answer 5

Question 6

Describe the dual process theory system 1 and 2

Answer 6

Question 7

Characteristics of deductive and inductive reasoning

Answer 7

Question 8

HYPOTHETICO-DEDUCTIVE
REASONING

Answer 8

• This involves generating a hypothesis based on clinical data and then testing this
• Data collection
• Cross examination
• Hypothesis modification
• Treatment
• Reassesment

Question 9

Pattern recognition

Answer 9

• The process of recognising the similarity between a set of signs or symptoms with a previously experienced case
• Characterised by speed and efficiency

Question 10

Knowledge-reasoning interaction

Answer 10

• Parallel development of knowledge acquisition and
  clinical reasoning expertise
• Involved in the progression from novice to expert

Question 11

Interpretive models

Answer 11

• Interactive reasoning - considers the context in
  which the patient’s problem exists
• Collaborative reasoning – refers to shared decision
  making that occurs between patient and practitioner

Question 12

Common reasoning errors

Answer 12

• Faulty elicitation or perception of cues
• Incomplete factual knowledge about a disease process or
  clinical condition
• Misapplication of known facts to a specific problem

Question 13

Heuristics

Answer 13

• Mental short cuts used to approximate answers to a problem
• Can be helpful but bias

Question 14

Cognitive bias

Answer 14

Question 15