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Clin Chem Final > Clinical Chemistry (workbook) > Flashcards

Clinical Chemistry (workbook) Flashcards

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0
Q

Define preprandial

A

Not eaten recently (~12 hours)

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1
Q

Chemical measurements should be completed within _______ after blood collection

A

1 hour

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2
Q

The fluid portion of whole blood is termed

A

Plasma

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3
Q

How does a spectrophotometer work?

A

It uses a prism to select a specific wavelength of light

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4
Q

How does a colorimeter work?

A

It uses a filter to select a specific wavelength of light

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5
Q

What is prehepatic bilirubin?

A

Bilirubin bound to albumin

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6
Q

What does an increase in prehepatic bilirubin indicate?

A

Hepatic damage/problems with uptake

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7
Q

What does an increase in conjugated bilirubin indicate?

A

A bile duct obstruction

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8
Q

Cholesterol assay is used as a screening test for

A

Hypothyroidism

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9
Q

2 common enzyme tests for liver function

A

AST, ALT

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10
Q

What does AST stand for?

A

Aspartate Aminotransferase

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11
Q

What does ALT stand for?

A

Alanine Aminotransferase

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12
Q

Osteoblasts, chondroblasts, and cells of the hepatobiliary system in the liver contain isoenzymes of

A

AP

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13
Q

What does AP stand for?

A

Alkaline phosphatase

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14
Q

2 primary serum chemistry tests for kidney function?

A

BUN and serum creatinine

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15
Q

In most mammalian species, uric acid is converted to ______ before being excreted in the urine

A

Allantoin

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16
Q

The major end product of nitrogen metabolism in avian species and dalmations

A

Uric acid

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17
Q

This test evaluates glomerular function by using test substances eliminated by both glomerular filtration and renal secretion

A

Effective Renal Plasma Flow (ERPF)

18
Q

A type of test that describes the excretion of specific electrolytes relative to the glomerular filtration rate

A

FC (Fractional Clearance) or FE (Fractional Excretion)

These are the same test.

19
Q

4 tests of endocrine functions of the pancreas

A

Blood glucose, fructosamine, b-hydroxybutyrate, glycosylated hemoglobin

20
Q

What is b-hydroxybutyrate?

A

A ketone

21
Q

Increased fructosamine indicates a persistent hyperglycemia of how long in dogs and cats?

A

1-2 weeks

22
Q

Increased glycosylated hemoglobin indicates a persistent hyperglycemia of how long in dogs? Cats?

A

Dogs - 3-4 months

Cats - 2-3 months

23
Q

Ketoacidotic patients produce mostly this ketone

A

B-hydroxybutyrate

24
Q

The kidneys play a major role in regulating the concentration of this molecule by actively secreting or resorbing it from filtrate in response to the blood pH

A

Bicarbonate

25
Q

Increased level of lactate indicates (2)

A

Hypoperfusion or hypoxia

26
Q

This equipment is designed to measure the amount of light transmitted through a solution

A

Spectrophotometer

27
Q

Define the term “glycosylated”

A

It represents the irreversible rxn of glucose bound to the protein

28
Q

Increased urea in the blood is called

A

Azotemia

29
Q

What is bilirubin?

A

An insoluble molecule derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin

30
Q

What is albumin?

A

The major binding and transport protein in the body. It is responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure of plasma

31
Q

Plasma from which the fibrinogen has been removed is called

A

Serum

32
Q

5 causes of hemolysis in samples

A

Blood drawn into moist syringe, blood mixed too vigorously after collection, blood forced through needle into tube, blood frozen as whole blood, excess alcohol was left on skin and not allowed to dry

33
Q

3 causes of hyperproteinemia

A

Dehydration, bacterial infections, inflammation

34
Q

2 causes of hypoproteinemia

A

Overhydration, albumin loss

35
Q

4 causes of hypernatremia

A

Dehydration, diabetes (because of high water loss), burns, kidney issues

36
Q

5 causes of hyponatremia

A

Water retention, solute loss, vomiting, diarrhea, kidney defects

37
Q

3 causes of hyperkalemia

A

Hypersupplementation, not peeing enough, kidney issues

38
Q

5 causes of hypokalemia

A

Kidney disease, K+ loss through urine, diarrhea, vomiting, intestinal obstruction

39
Q

Why are dehydration and azotemia related?

A

Kidneys normally filter blood. When the volume or blood pressure through the kidneys drops, they cannot filter as effectively so urea remains in the blood.

40
Q

Which 2 tests are commonly performed to evaluate the acinar functions of the pancreas?

A

Amylase, Lipase

41
Q

What are two less commonly performed tests to evaluate acinar function of the pancreas? Which one is used in cats?

A

Trypsin-like immunoreactivity, Serum pancreatic lipase reactivity.

Cats - Serum PLI

42
Q

Define cholestasis

A

Any condition in which bile excretion from the liver is blocked

43
Q

What does a photometer do?

A

Measures the amount of light transmitted through a solution

Clin Chem Final (5 decks)

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