Clinical Anatomy Of The Face Flashcards
What are the two parts of the skeleton of the head
- neurocranium (bone covering the brain and meninges)
- viscerocranium (facial skeleton)
What is included in the neurocranium
- roof called calvaria
- floor cranial base
8 bones frontal (1) ethmoid (1) sphenoid (1) occupital (1) temporal (2) and parietal (2)
What is included in the viscerocranium
Facial skeleton
14 bones
What does pneumatised mean
Air within the bones
What bones are pneumatised
Frontal, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxillary bones
What is the name of the weakest part of the skull
Pterion
What is the pterion
Weakest part of the skull, where the frontal, parietal, sphenoid and temporal bones all meet
What does rupture at the pterion cause
Extra dural haemorrhage
Facial expression provides what percentage of non verbal communication
80-90% of non verbal communication
What are the spinal nerves
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
Name the cranial nerves
12 pairs
1) olfactory
2) optic
3) occulomotor
4) trochlear
5) trigeminal
6) abducens
7) facial
8) Vestibulocochlear
9) glossopharyngeal
10) vagus
11) accessory
12) hypoglossal
What is the role of the Trigeminal nerve in the face
- supplies sensory innervation to the face (ophthalmic, maxillary and Mandibular)
- supplies motor innervation to the muscles of mastication (masseter, temporalis and two pterygoid muscles)
What does the facial nerve supply
The muscles of facial expression
What is the role of the masseter
Elevates the mandible and closes the mouth
What is the role of the temporalis muscle
Elevates and retracts the mandible and closes the nouth
What is the role of the lateral and medial pterygoids
Protraction of the mandible
How many muscles are in the face and what are they supplied by
43 in total
Supplied by the facial nerve
What is the name of the muscle around the lips and what is it supplied by
Orbicularis oris, supplied by the buccal branch of the facial nerve
What is the muscle that pulls the cheeks inwards and what is it supplied by
Buccinator, supplied by the buccal branch of the facial nerve
Where does the parotid gland sit in the face
Sits anterior to and below the ear
Where does the parotid duct enter the oral cavity
Enters the oral cavity at the second upper molar
What are the three major structures that pass through the parotid gland
- external carotid artery (and terminal branches - maxillary and superficial temporal arteries)
- retromandibar vein (superficial temporal and maximally veins unite)
- facial nerve
What is bells palsay
- facial paralysis on one side
- exact cause unknown
What are the branches of the facial nerve
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal branch
Marginal Mandibular
Cervical
What is the Sternocleidomastoid
Moves the neck
What is the role of the temporal branch of the facial nerve
Innervates the frontalis, Orbicularis oculi and corrugator supercilli
What is the role of the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve
Innervates the Orbicularis oculi
What is the role of the marginal Mandibular branch of the facial nerve
Innervates the mentalis muscle
What is the role of the cervical branch of the facial nerve
Innevervates the platysma
