Clinical Anatomy Of The Face

Question 1

What are the two parts of the skeleton of the head

Answer 1

• neurocranium (bone covering the brain and meninges)
• viscerocranium (facial skeleton)

Question 2

What is included in the neurocranium

Answer 2

• roof called calvaria
• floor cranial base
  8 bones frontal (1) ethmoid (1) sphenoid (1) occupital (1) temporal (2) and parietal (2)

Question 3

What is included in the viscerocranium

Answer 3

Facial skeleton
14 bones

Question 4

What does pneumatised mean

Answer 4

Air within the bones

Question 5

What bones are pneumatised

Answer 5

Frontal, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxillary bones

Question 6

What is the name of the weakest part of the skull

Answer 6

Pterion

Question 7

What is the pterion

Answer 7

Weakest part of the skull, where the frontal, parietal, sphenoid and temporal bones all meet

Question 8

What does rupture at the pterion cause

Answer 8

Extra dural haemorrhage

Question 9

Facial expression provides what percentage of non verbal communication

Answer 9

80-90% of non verbal communication

Question 10

What are the spinal nerves

Answer 10

8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

Question 11

Name the cranial nerves

Answer 11

12 pairs

1) olfactory
2) optic
3) occulomotor
4) trochlear
5) trigeminal
6) abducens
7) facial
8) Vestibulocochlear
9) glossopharyngeal
10) vagus
11) accessory
12) hypoglossal

Question 12

What is the role of the Trigeminal nerve in the face

Answer 12

• supplies sensory innervation to the face (ophthalmic, maxillary and Mandibular)
• supplies motor innervation to the muscles of mastication (masseter, temporalis and two pterygoid muscles)

Question 13

What does the facial nerve supply

Answer 13

The muscles of facial expression

Question 14

What is the role of the masseter

Answer 14

Elevates the mandible and closes the mouth

Question 15

What is the role of the temporalis muscle

Answer 15

Elevates and retracts the mandible and closes the nouth

Question 16

What is the role of the lateral and medial pterygoids

Answer 16

Protraction of the mandible

Question 17

How many muscles are in the face and what are they supplied by

Answer 17

43 in total
Supplied by the facial nerve

Question 18

What is the name of the muscle around the lips and what is it supplied by

Answer 18

Orbicularis oris, supplied by the buccal branch of the facial nerve

Question 19

What is the muscle that pulls the cheeks inwards and what is it supplied by

Answer 19

Buccinator, supplied by the buccal branch of the facial nerve

Question 20

Where does the parotid gland sit in the face

Answer 20

Sits anterior to and below the ear

Question 21

Where does the parotid duct enter the oral cavity

Answer 21

Enters the oral cavity at the second upper molar

Question 22

What are the three major structures that pass through the parotid gland

Answer 22

• external carotid artery (and terminal branches - maxillary and superficial temporal arteries)
• retromandibar vein (superficial temporal and maximally veins unite)
• facial nerve

Question 23

What is bells palsay

Answer 23

• facial paralysis on one side
• exact cause unknown

Question 24

What are the branches of the facial nerve

Answer 24

Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal branch
Marginal Mandibular
Cervical

Question 25

What is the Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 25

Moves the neck

Question 26

What is the role of the temporal branch of the facial nerve

Answer 26

Innervates the frontalis, Orbicularis oculi and corrugator supercilli

Question 27

What is the role of the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve

Answer 27

Innervates the Orbicularis oculi

Question 28

What is the role of the marginal Mandibular branch of the facial nerve

Answer 28

Innervates the mentalis muscle

Question 29

What is the role of the cervical branch of the facial nerve

Answer 29

Innevervates the platysma