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Anatomy > Anterior Triangle > Flashcards

Anterior Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general boundaries of the anterior triangle

A
  • superiorly - inferior border of the mandible
  • laterally - anterior border of the Sternocleidomastoid
  • medially - sagital line down the midline of the neck
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2
Q

What covers the roof of the anterior triangle

A

Investing fascia

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3
Q

What covers the flow of the anterior triangle

A

Visceral fasia

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4
Q

What is contained in the anterior triangle

A
  • muscles
  • nerves
  • arteries
  • veins
  • lymph nodes
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5
Q

How are the muscles in the neck divided

A

They are divided as to where they lie in relation to the hyoid bone

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6
Q

What muscles are located superiorly to the hyoid bone

A

Suprahyoid muscles located superiorly

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7
Q

What muscles are located inferiority to the hyoid bone

A

Infrahyoid muscles

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8
Q

What blood vessels are found in the anterior triangle

A

Common carotid artery bifurcates within the triangle into the external and internal carotid branches, the internal jugular vein can also be found here

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9
Q

What cranial nerves are found in the anterior triangle

A

Facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X), accessory (XI) and hypoglossal (XII)

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10
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles

A
  • stylohyoid
  • digastric
  • mylohyoid
  • geniohyoid
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11
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles

A
  • omohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid
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12
Q

The anterior triangle is divided into … triangles

A

4

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13
Q

What are the 4 subdivisions of the anterior triangle

A
  • carotid triangle
  • submental triangle
  • submandibular triangle
  • muscular triangle
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14
Q

Describe the carotid triangle

A

Boundaries
- superior - posterior belly of the digastric muscle
- lateral - medial border of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle
- inferior - superior belly of the omohyoid muscle

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15
Q

What are the main contents of the carotid triangle

A
  • common carotid artery
  • internal jugular vein
  • hypoglossal and vagus nerve
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16
Q

Describe the submental triangle

A
  • situated underneath the chin
  • contains the submental lymph nodes
    Bounded
  • inferiority - hyoid bone
  • medially - midline of the neck
  • laterally - anterior belly of the digastric
17
Q

What is the floor of the submental triangle formed by

A

The mylohyoid muscle

18
Q

Describe the submandibular triangle

A
  • located underneath the body of the mandible
  • contains submandibular gland
  • the facial artery and vein pass through here
    Boundaries
  • superior - body of the mandible
  • anteriorly - anterior belly of the digastric muscle
  • posteriorly - posterior belly of the digastric muscle
19
Q

Explain the muscular triangle

A

Situated more inferiority than the subdivisions
Four boundaries -
- medially - midline of the neck
- superio-laterally - superior belly of the omohyoid muscle
- inferio-laterally - inferior portion of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle

20
Q

What does the muscular triangle contain

A
  • infrahyoid muscle
  • pharynx, thyroid, parathyroid
21
Q

What general muscles are found in the anterior triangle

A

Mylohyoid
Anterior belly of digastric
Infrahyoid

22
Q

What is the function of the mylohyoid muscles

A

Forms the floor of the mouth, arises from the mandible and attaches onto the hyoid bone and floor of the mouth

23
Q

Explain the anterior belly of digastric muscle

A

One of two muscles ( posterior one too) arises from mandible and passes to the mastoid process, pulls down the mandible and raises the hyoid bone

24
Q

Explain the infrahyoid muscles

A

Named after where they attach, depress hyoid bone and the larynx, or pull it down during swallowing (degultition) and speaking

25
Q

What are the skeletal elements of the anterior triangle

A
  • thyroid cartilage
  • cricoid cartilage (only one that wraps around the larynx)
  • hyoid bone
26
Q

How many laryngeal cartilages are there

A

9

27
Q

What glands are contained within the anterior triangle

A
  • thyroid gland
  • parathyroid glands
  • submandibular glands
28
Q

What does the thyroid gland secrete

A

Thyroid hormones T3 and T4

29
Q

What is the role of the thyroid hormones

A
  • raise metabolic rate
  • influences synthesis of proteins
  • responsible for nerve growth and development
30
Q

What are the two lobes of the thyroid gland linked by

A

Isthmus

31
Q

What is the pyramidal lobe

A

Embryological remmenet of where the thyroid gland developed at the foramen caecum of the tongue

32
Q

What nerves innervate the anterior triangle

A
  • vagus
  • phrenic
  • hypoglossal
33
Q

What is the role of the vagus nerve

A

Innervates muscles of the larynx, pharynx and soft palate

34
Q

What are the sensory roles of the vagus nerve

A

Taste in epiglottis and roof of the tongue

Anatomy (13 decks)

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