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BMS100 Clin Phys > Clin Phys 3 > Flashcards

Clin Phys 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the interventricular septum?

A

thick muscular wall that separates left and right ventricle

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2
Q

What are the great vessels?

A

Pulmonary trunk + left and right pulmonary arteries
Aorta
Superior and inferior vena cavae
Pulmonary veins

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3
Q

What chamber is the pulmonary trunk + left and right pulmonary arteries connected to?

A

right ventricle

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4
Q

What chamber is the aorta connected to?

A

left ventricle

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5
Q

What chamber are the superior and inferior vena cavae connected to?

A

right atrium

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6
Q

What chamber are the pulmonary veins connected to?

A

left atrium

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7
Q

Where are the atrioventricular valves located?

A

between atria and ventricles

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8
Q

Where are the semilunar valves location?

A

between ventricles and great arteries

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9
Q

What is the function of the atrioventricular valves?

A

prevents back-flow to left and right atrium

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10
Q

Contrast size in atrioventricular vs. semilunar valves.

A

atrioventricular: larger, more “floppy”
semilunar: smaller, “tighter”

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11
Q

T/F: Semilunar valves are anchored by chordae tendinae.

A

False. Atrioventricular valves are anchored by chordae tendinae

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the chordae tendinae?

A

Keep AV valves from “flopping back” (prolapse) into atria during ventricular contraction

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13
Q

What is the name of the left AV valve?

A

mitral/bicuspid

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14
Q

What is the name of the right AV valve?

A

Tricuspid

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15
Q

What is the name of the left semilunar valve?

A

aortic valve

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16
Q

What is the name of the right semilunar valve?

A

pulmonary valve

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17
Q

Where are papillary muscles and what do they attach to?

A

located in ventricles, attach to tricuspid and mitral valves vis chordae tendinae

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18
Q

T/F: Posterior surface of the heart is easier to auscultate and palpate than anterior surface.

A

False, anterior surface is easier

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19
Q

What is visible on the anterior surface of the heart?

A
  • part of right atrium (auricle)
  • right ventricle
  • “tip” of left ventricle -> PMI -> APEX
  • superior-lateral side of left ventricle
  • both semi-lunar valves are anterior AV valves
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20
Q

Do the AV (mitral, tricuspid) valves open during systole or diastole?

A

diastole (filling)

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21
Q

Do the semilunar (aortic, pulmonic) valves open during systole or diastole?

A

systole (ejecting)

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22
Q

How can you find the 2nd intercostal space?

A

Find “bump” between manubrium and body of sternum (Angle of Louis, Sternal Angle) -> below this is the 2nd intercostal space

23
Q

What lies on the right border of the heart?

A

right atrium

24
Q

What lies on the inferior surface of the heart?

A

left and right ventricle

25
Q

What lies on the left border of the heart?

A

left ventricle

26
Q

What lies at the base of the heart?

A

great arteries emerge from superior aspect (directed backward, upward, and to the right)

27
Q

In reference to auscultation and palpation, what valve does the 2nd intercostal space, left sternal border correspond to?

A

pulmonic (semilunar) valve

28
Q

In reference to auscultation and palpation, what valve does the 2nd intercostal space, right sternal border correspond to?

A

aortic (semilunar) valve

29
Q

In reference to auscultation and palpation, what valve does the 4th/5th intercostal space, right sternal border correspond to?

A

tricuspid (right AV) valve + right ventricle

30
Q

In reference to auscultation and palpation, what valve does the 5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line correspond to? Any other important structures located here?

A

mitral/bicuspid (left AV valve) + PMI (Apex)

31
Q

What does S1 heart sound sound like and what valves are closing?

A

Lub sound, closing of AV valves (mitral valve)

32
Q

What does S2 heart sound sound like and what valves are closing?

A

Dub sound, closing of semilunar valves (aortic valves)

33
Q

T/F: Dub is lower frequency sound since AV valves are bigger and more “floppy”

A

False. Lub is lower frequency sound since AV valves are bigger and more “floppy”

34
Q

T/F: Common to hear a valve opening

A

False. Uncommon (called snaps)

35
Q

Describe Laminar flow.

A

Smooth and orderly, normal

36
Q

Describe Turbulent flow.

A

rapid, forming disorderly eddies and vibrations

37
Q

What causes turbulent flow and in turn what does turbulent flow cause?

A

caused by valvular abnormalities, can cause murmurs and extra heart sounds

38
Q

What does stenosis mean?

A

narrowing, valve doesn’t open widely enough

39
Q

T/F: lower pressures are needed to push blood through narrow (stenosis) valve.

A

False, higher pressures

40
Q

How does stenosis cause murmurs and when is it heard?

A

the high pressure causes “noisy” turbulent flow, heard when blood is flowing across the valve (when it should be open)

41
Q

What does regurgitation mean?

A

valve doesn’t close fully

42
Q

What happens during regurgitation?

A

backflow occurs into the chamber before it relaxes

43
Q

How does regurgitation cause murmurs and when is it healed?

A

backflow causes “noisy” turbulent flow, heard while blood is flowing across the valve (when it should be closed)

44
Q

Give an example of why stenosis occurs.

A

valves “scar” overtime due to physical stresses causing narrowing

45
Q

Give an example of why regurgitation occurs.

A

Damage to heart valves can make them unable to close fully

46
Q

Name the murmur heard during ventricular diastole at the 2nd intercostal space, right sternal border.

A

aortic regurgitation

47
Q

Name the murmur heard during ventricular systole at the 2nd intercostal space, right sternal border

A

aortic stenosis

48
Q
A
49
Q

Name the murmur heard during ventricular systole at the 2nd intercostal space, left sternal border.

A

pulmonic stenosis

50
Q

Name the murmur heard during ventricular diastole at the 5th intercostal space, left sternal border

A

tricuspid stenosis

51
Q

Name the murmur heard during ventricular systole at the 5th intercostal space, left sternal border

A

tricuspid regurgitation

52
Q

Name the murmur heard during ventricular diastole at the 5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line

A

mitral stenosis

52
Q

Name the murmur heard during ventricular systole at the 5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line

A

mitral regurgitation

BMS100 Clin Phys (8 decks)

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