Climb

Question 1

Define what AoA, attitude and climb gradient are from the horizontal axis
Draw a diagram… include drag and weight components too

Answer 1

A/C axis (thrust direction) is the direction of the fuselage, the angle between the horizontal and a/c axis is attitude.
Aerodynamic axis (TAS direction) is the direction of flight, the angle between the horizontal axis and the aerodynamic axis is CG.
The angle between the aerodynamic axis and a/c axis is AoA

Question 2

Just know this…

Answer 2

Thrust x cos0 = D + Wsiny

L=Wcosy

Question 3

How does altitude, temperature and weight affect ROC and CG?

Answer 3

Increase altitude: decrease RoC and CG
Increase temperature: decrease RoC and CG
Increase weight: decrease RoC and CG

Question 4

How does HWC (or TWC) affect RoC/CG?

Draw a diagram to show a HWC

Answer 4

Does not affect the RoC and the fuel/time to reach TOC.

It will however affect the flight path angle and distance along the ground to TOC.

Question 5

When is an a/c considered to be at its max ceiling?

Answer 5

When RoC is 300ft/min, although could go further, would waste fuel/time.

Question 6

What 3 segments can a climb be broken down into?

Answer 6

Below 10’: limited to 250kt due ATC restrictions
10’ - cross over alt: acc to more optimum climb speed (ie 300kt) but limited to 0.78
Above COA: where 300kt=0.78, maintain 0.78 as ref speed

Question 7

Difference between max climb gradient and max rate climb?

Answer 7

Best CG (best L/D) or green dot speed achieves altitude in the shortest distance (ft/Nm).
Note) green dot speed is best CG speed in case of n-1 for CG, but resembles most the speed for best L/D all engines. 
Max rate climb reaches altitude in the shortest time (ft/min). Pt x Pd where Pt= TAS x Thrust and Pd= TAS x Drag