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Science 10 > Climate Unit - Biomes and Climatographs > Flashcards

Climate Unit - Biomes and Climatographs Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a biome

A

a large geographical region with a particular range of temperature and precipitation levels

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2
Q

how do biomes function

A

as a system or set of interconnected parts

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3
Q

why are biomes open systems

A

because they exchange both matter and energy with their surroundings

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4
Q

whats an open system

A

any system that exchanges matter and energy with its surroundings

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5
Q

what is a closed system

A

any system that does not exchange matter with its surroundings but still exchanges energy

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6
Q

what is an example of a closed system

A

earths hydrosphere

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7
Q

what is an example of an open system

A

cells and biomes

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8
Q

how do biome division make it easier for scientists

A

they allow them to predict how different groups of organisms may be affected by changes that occur due to the continuous climate trends/patterns within an area

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9
Q

what are the characteristics of a tundra biome

A
  • little solar energy during winter months
  • annual amount of insolation is lowest of all the biomes
  • very cold temperatures
  • little precipitation
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10
Q

where can tundra biomes be found

A

in the arctic regions of North America and Eurasia, with most being found in the arctic circle

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11
Q

where can taiga biomes be found

A

it is a broad belt around earth just south of the region of tundra biomes

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12
Q

what is taiga dominated by

A

evergreen conifer trees

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13
Q

what is another name for the taiga biome

A

boreal forest

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14
Q

what is the main characteristic of the taiga biome

A

more precipitation and higher temperatures on average than tundra, longer growing season than the tundra

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15
Q

what distinguishes the deciduous forest biome

A

tress that lose their leaves

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16
Q

where are deciduous forest biomes typically found

A

in parts of North and South America, Europe, Asia, Japan and Australia

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17
Q

what are the characteristics of a deciduous forest biome

A

more moderate climate, longer growing season than taiga, and higher average temperatures than the taiga biome, have 4 seasons with a longer summer

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18
Q

what is the grassland biome

A

grassy regions with few or no trees

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19
Q

where do grassland biomes occur

A

in any region where precipitation is at least 20cm per year but is still too low to support the growth of trees

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20
Q

where do grasslands occur

A

on all continents and may be known by different names depending on their distinguishing factors

21
Q

what are rainforests

A

biomes containing the richest diversity of plants and animals in all of the biomes

22
Q

what are the characteristics of a rainforest biome

A

have over 200cm of rain every year and are always warm

23
Q

what are the characteristics of a desert biome

A

always have less than 25cm of rainfall per year and have relatively little plant life

24
Q

what are the 6 different types of biomes on earth

A

tundra, taiga, deciduous forest, grassland, rain forest and desert

25
Q

what biomes are in Canada

A

tundra, taiga, grassland and deciduous

26
Q

what biome is most of Canada made up of

A

taiga

27
Q

what determines the insolation of an area

A

altitude, number of hours of daylight and the time of year

28
Q

what are the determinants of albedo

A

cloud and dust cover, natural greenhouse effects interaction with insolation giving each area a particular net radiation budget

29
Q

what causes predictable global wind patterns

A

convection currents and the Coriolis effect

30
Q

what do global wind patterns do

A

transfer thermal energy between areas at or near the equator and those at or near the poles

31
Q

what do ocean currents do

A

moderate air temperaute

32
Q

how does the hydrologic cycle contribute to thermal energy transfer

A

though the release and absorption of thermal energy that occurs when water warms, cools and changes phases

33
Q

how do you analyze the impact of climate factors on an area

A

a climatograph

34
Q

whats a climatogrpah

A

summary of the average temperature for each month of the year for a given location, presented as a graph

35
Q

what does the vertical axis on the left of a climatograph show

A

average precipitation in millimetres

36
Q

what does the vertical axis on the right of a climatograph show

A

the average temperature in degrees celsius

37
Q

where are the months of the year shown on a climatograph

A

on the horizontal axis

38
Q

how are the values for average precipitation and temperature always plotted

A

precipitation is always plotted as a bar graph and temperature is always plotted as a line graph

39
Q

what must happen to compare the climates of different areas using a climatograph

A

the scale of the vertical axis on each climatograph must be the same

40
Q

what does a straight line in a climatograph show

A

the place is near or at the equator

41
Q

what does an up and down curve show in a clamatgoraph

A

the presence of seasons in that place

42
Q

what can climatographs also help do

A

help to identify factors that determine the climate of an area

43
Q

what factor has the #1 effect on climate

A

insolation

44
Q

what should you do if you are seeing something climate-related that cannot be explained by the latitude of the two places; what do you do if both places have the same latitude but completely different climates

A

think ocean; if one of them is closer to a large body of water that will affect its climate

45
Q

what is the main cause of the natural greenhouse effect

A

presence of water vapour in our atmosphere

46
Q

what does solar energy consist of

A

electromagnetic waves at different wavelengths which together make up the electromagnetic spectrum

47
Q

what are the radiation wavelengths in the range that we can see called

A

visible light

48
Q

how are different types of radiation distinguished from each other in the electromagnetic spectrum

A

by their wavelengths

Science 10 (13 decks)

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