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Science 10 > Biology - Microscopes and Cells Quiz > Flashcards

Biology - Microscopes and Cells Quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

what do microscopes do

A

magnify objects and make small things appear larger

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2
Q

what is the main benefit of a microscope

A

resolution

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3
Q

whats resolution

A

the ability to see fine detail

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4
Q

whats a compound microscope

A

microscope with 2 or more lenses

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5
Q

what is the most common type of microscope

A

compound

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6
Q

what do you use a compound microscope for

A

to look at transparent specimens

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7
Q

what is the max magnification of a compound microscope

A

1000x

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8
Q

how does a compound microscope produce an image

A

passes light through the specimen

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9
Q

what’s the structure of a compound microscope

A

1 eyepiece and 3 objective lenses

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10
Q

what is a dissecting microscope used for

A

to look at solid objects

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11
Q

whats the max magnification on a dissecting microscope

A

85x

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12
Q

what’s the structure of a dissecting microscope

A

2 eyepieces and 2 light sources

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13
Q

what are the advantages of a dissecting microscope

A

images are produced in colour and 3-d/liign material can be used

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14
Q

what are the disadvantages of a dissecting microscope

A

low magnification and poor resolution at high magnifications as the light rays are bent

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15
Q

what is transmitted light

A

light passing through a specimen

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16
Q

whats incident light

A

light reflecting off a specimen

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17
Q

whats parfocal

A

concept that when the microscope is focused on one power it should still be in focus when switched to another power

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18
Q

whats an inverted image

A

when the microscope shows it upside down and backwards

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19
Q

whats a virtual image

A

when it shows the same as it really is

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20
Q

what are the two meanings of magnification

A
  • the number of times a microscope enlarges the specimen

- the number of times bigger a diagram is when compared to the actual size of a specimen

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21
Q

what is field of view

A

the diameter of what you see

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22
Q

what happens if something is on low magnification in relation to its field of view

A

you will see more around the object than if it was on high magnification

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23
Q

what is the fit number

A

an estimate of the number of times an object can be placed across the diameter

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24
Q

what is scale used for

A

to compare the diagram size with the actual size of the specimen

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25
Q

what did the use of stains or colouring agents show

A

that particular stains attached to particular parts of the cell which improved the contrast between internal structures and produced better images

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26
Q

what is the disadvantage of staining techniques

A

it kills the cells, making it not possible to view living tissue with this technique

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27
Q

whats resolving power

A

the ability to distinguish between two structures that are very close together

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28
Q

how does an electron microscope work

A

uses a beam of electrons instead of a light wave and is able to produce images that provide fine detail

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29
Q

how does the transmission electron microscope work

A

depends on a beam of electrons passed through very thin section of fixed and stained tissue imbedded in plastic

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30
Q

what did the microscope make possible

A

the obtaining of evidence for or against generally accepted opinions or theories about living things

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31
Q

whats spontaneous generation

A

the idea that life could emerge spontaneously from non-living matter

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32
Q

what does the occular lense do

A

magnify specimen

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33
Q

funciton of fine focus

A

makes tiny adjustments to focus specimen

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34
Q

revolving nose peice function

A

urns objective lense power

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35
Q

diaphragm fucniton

A

adjust the amount of light

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36
Q

base function

A

supports and stabilizes

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37
Q

hinge function

A

changes the angle

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38
Q

function of stage clips

A

hold the slide in place

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39
Q

arm function

A

support of microscope

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40
Q

objective lens function

A

3 different lenses that magnify the object at different rates

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41
Q

course focus funciton

A

allows you to focus by moving the lens closer or farther from the stage

42
Q

whats the stage

A

the place you rest the slide on

43
Q

what does the light do

A

illuminate the object

44
Q

how do you carry a microscope

A

with one hand on the arm and one hand on the base

45
Q

how do you focus a microscope

A

using the lowest magnification lens and the course focus knob

46
Q

how do you know which one is the course focus knob

A

it is the bigger know that is above the other dial

47
Q

what are lenses used for

A

magnification

48
Q

how do light microscopes work

A

a beam of light is directed through a specimen

49
Q

what can you view with the resolution of a light microscope

A

plant/animal cells and most bacteria but not sub-cellular structure or viruses

50
Q

how many micrometres are in one millimetre

A

1000

51
Q

how do you get total magnification

A

multiply the power of both lenses being used together

52
Q

what’s the formula to calculate field of view

A

higher magnification/lower magnification = lower power/higher power

53
Q

what is the formula for estimating cell size

A

actual size = field diameter/fit number

54
Q

how did microscopes lead to the development of cell theory

A

allowed observations to be made by several scientists regarding cell structure because they could see very small details and patterns in tiny objects

55
Q

describe the work of Louis Pasteur in refuting the theory of spontaneous generation

A

he added an s-shaped curve into the neck of some of the flasks within Spallanzani’s previous experiment in order to control what went into the flask as only air could pass through but any particles would get stuck

56
Q

what is meant by control in an experiment

A

keeping things the same so that you are only measuring one thing

57
Q

who was the first to question spontaneous generation and in what year

A

Francisco Redi in 1668

58
Q

what did Pasteur’s experiment show

A

that spontaneous generation did not occur and that microorganism are found in the air

59
Q

when was the importance of the cell as the functional unit of life recognized

A

the 1830s

60
Q

what are the three components of cell theory

A
  • all living things are made up of one or more cells
  • all life functions take place in cells making them the smallest unit of life
  • all cells are produced from pre-existing cells through the process of cell division
61
Q

what does cell theory apply to

A

all living things

62
Q

why are viruses or prions not considered cells

A

because they fall into a category that is neither living nor non-living even though they may exhibit characteristics of living cells due to how they don’t become active until they get into a cell

63
Q

what is an open system

A

one that must interact with its environment to maintain its existence

64
Q

how do cells function efficiently

A

by interacting with their environment and each other

65
Q

what are the components of the cell called

A

organelles

66
Q

what does the functioning of organelles do

A

maintain the life processes of the cell

67
Q

how do cells maintain the life process

A

within specialized structures called organelles that each have their own function to perform

68
Q

what are some of the life processes cells perform

A

intake of nutrients, movement, growth, response to stimuli, exchange of gases, waste removal, reproduction

69
Q

whats the cell membrane

A

a protective barrier that allows for the transport of materials in and out of the cell

70
Q

whats the cytoplasm

A

a gel-like substance inside the cell membrane that contains nutrients, allows for movement and suspends the organelles

71
Q

whats the mitochondria

A

rod-like structures where cellular respiration occurs

72
Q

whats the mitochondria referred to

A

the powerhouse of the cell

73
Q

whats cellular respiration

A

where chemical energy in sugars is converted to energy that can be used by the cell

74
Q

whats the nuclear envelope

A

double membrane that surrounds the cell and regulates the passage of macromolecules through multiple pores

75
Q

whats the nucleus

A

organelle that contains the genetic material of the cell and directs all cellular activities

76
Q

whats the nucleolus

A

structure made up of proteins and RNA that rewrites rRNA and combines it with proteins

77
Q

whats smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

series of tubes extending from the nuclear envelope associated with lipid production

78
Q

whats rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

series of tubes extending from the nuclear envelope associated with protein synthesis

79
Q

whats the Golgi apparatus

A

flat dis shaped sacs involved in transporting substances from the endoplasmic reticulum out of the cell

80
Q

whats the vacuole

A

organelle bounded by a membrane that stores nutrients, products of secretion, fats and water

81
Q

what are lysosomes

A

sacs within the cell that contain strong chemicals that digest molecules

82
Q

what are ribosomes

A

granules where proteins are produced

83
Q

what are centrioles

A

a small set of 2 microtubules found in animal cells that move towards opposite ends of the nucleus when it is time for cell division

84
Q

whats the cell wall

A

rigid frame around the cell that provides strength and support to plant cells

85
Q

what are chloroplasts

A

organelles that contain chlorophyll which produces a green colour and are the site of photosynthesis; they are only found in plant cells

86
Q

what is cytosol

A

the fluid part of the cytoplasm where the organelles are suspended from

87
Q

what makes up the cytoplasm

A

cytosol and organelles

88
Q

what are the major gas elements within plant and animal cells

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

89
Q

what are the major elements of cell structure organized into

A

four major organic compounds

90
Q

what are the four major organic compounds within a cell

A

lipids, carbohydrates, starches and cellulose

91
Q

what is the other major compound found in all plant and animal cells

A

water

92
Q

what does water do within a cell

A

its the solvent that provides the environment for all biological reactions inside and outside cells

93
Q

what are trace substances

A

other substances present in tiny amounts that are essential for the health of the cell

94
Q

what are the 4 major trace elements in a cell

A

magnesium, zinc, manganese and iron

95
Q

what are 3 similarities between plant and animal cells

A
  • both have a cell membrane
  • both have a cytoskeleton
  • both have DNA
96
Q

whats a cytoskeleton

A

internal network of fibres made up of proteins and lipids

97
Q

what is DNA

A

genetic material made up of sugars, nitrogen basis and phosphate

98
Q

what are 5 differences between plant and animal cells

A
  • animal cells have centrioles
  • animal cells have lysosomes
  • plants have a cell wall
  • plants have chlorophyll which makes photosynthesis possible
  • plant cells have a large central vacuole whereas animal cells have a much smaller vacuole
99
Q

what do all cells contain no matter their type

A

cell membrane, cytoplasm, chromosomes and ribosomes

100
Q

whats a prokaryotic cell

A

very small cells that do not have a nucleus or nuclear membrane or membrane-bound organelles but have a nucleoid region

101
Q

what are eukaryotic cells

A

cells with a nucleus and a nuclear membrane that are generally larger than prokaryotic cells

Science 10 (13 decks)

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