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Science 10 > Biology Quiz #2 > Flashcards

Biology Quiz #2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the cell membrane sometimes referred to as

A

the phospholipid bilayer

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2
Q

what does the cell membrane consist of

A

a double layer of lipids that each has a phosphate group attached

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3
Q

what does hydrophilic mean

A

they love water and are attracted to it

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4
Q

what does hydrophobic mean

A

they do not like water and avoid it

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5
Q

what is the cell membrane

A

protective layer that allows things to transfer in and out of the cell

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6
Q

where are the hydrophilic heads located

A

at the top of the cell membrane, closest to the surface or outside portion

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7
Q

where are the hydrophobic heads located

A

at the bottom of the cell membrane, closest to the inside portion of the cell

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8
Q

where are integral proteins located

A

throughout the whole cell membrane

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9
Q

where are peripheral proteins located

A

more on the side of the cell membrane

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10
Q

what do carbohydrates do in the cell membrane

A

they act as a physical barrier and signal the cell to what’s good or bad

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11
Q

what does cholesterol do

A

regulate how everything flows

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12
Q

what organelle is responsible for transport

A

the cells membrane

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13
Q

whats stated in the particle model of matter

A

all matter is made up of particles, particles of matter constantly moving, particles are attracted to each other, particles have spaces between them

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14
Q

what is concentration

A

the amount of a specific particle

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15
Q

what is the concentration gradient

A

the movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

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16
Q

whats diffusion

A

natural movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

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17
Q

what is the result of diffusion

A

state of equilibrium

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18
Q

how can the rate of diffusion be increased

A

by adding energy and/or increasing molecular movement

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19
Q

when does diffusion occur in cells

A

when there is a difference between the concentrations of solutes on either side of the membrane or within the cytoplasm

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20
Q

why is the cell membrane considered selectively permeable

A

allows certain particles to pass through it but not all particles

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21
Q

what are the 3 determinants of what passes through the cell membrane

A

its size, charge, and solubility in lipids

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22
Q

what is osmosis

A

the diffusion of water

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23
Q

whats a hypertonic solution

A

solution that has a higher concentration of solute than that in the cell

24
Q

what happens if a cell is put into a hypertonic solution

A

water will leave the cell and the cell will dry out

25
Q

whats a hypotonic solution

A

a solution that has a lower concentration of solutes than that in a cell

26
Q

what happens if a cell is put in a hypotonic solution

A

water will enter the cell, causing it to swell and eventually explode

27
Q

whats an isotonic solution

A

solution that has the same concentration of solutes as that in the cell

28
Q

what happens if a cell is put into an isotonic solution

A

there will be no net movement of water molecules

29
Q

what state are cells the happiest and healthiest in

A

isotonic

30
Q

what is osmoregulation

A

control of water balance and the tendency of water to move into the plant cell to create pressure that supports the plant’s structure

31
Q

what is the process of losing water and shrinking in animal cells called

A

crenation

32
Q

why is cytolysis

A

the swelling and bursting of animal cells

33
Q

what is plasmolysis

A

when the cell membrane of a plant cell shrinks away from the cell wall from being placed in a hypertonic environment

34
Q

what is deplasmolysis

A

rehydration of a plant cell due to it being placed in a hypotonic environment

35
Q

whats facilitated diffusion

A

diffusion of water-soluble molecules through a channel in the membrane

36
Q

what do channel proteins do

A

create channels through which small water-soluble particles are able to move in response to the concentration gradient

37
Q

what do carrier proteins do

A

attach large molecules unable to diffuse across the membrane then change shape to physically move the molecule across the membrane

38
Q

what is active transport used for

A

to move particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

39
Q

what is active transport

A

transport that requires energy input

40
Q

where and how is the energy for active transport produced

A

in the mitochondria through the process of cellular respiration

41
Q

where do you get energy for active transport from

A

adenosine triphosphate or ATP

42
Q

what happens in endocytosis

A

vesicle forms around the particles and the cell membrane pinches off around it, putting the vesicle inside the cell

43
Q

what does phagocytosis deal with

A

bigger particles

44
Q

what does pinocytosis deal with

A

smaller particles

45
Q

when are endocytosis and exocytosis used in transport

A

when a bigger particle needs to get in or out of the cell

46
Q

whats exocytosis

A

vesicle containing the material is brought to the surface of the cell membrane and it is released outside of the cell

47
Q

what do recognition proteins do?

A

allow cells to recognize each other

48
Q

what do receptor proteins do?

A

bind specifically with certain molecules to bring then bring the cell through endocytosis

49
Q

what does insulin do

A

binds to receptor proteins of tissue cells through facilitated diffusion using carrier protein

50
Q

what is desalination

A

the process of removing salt from seq water

51
Q

what is reverse osmosis

A

moving water from a low concentration to a high water concentration

52
Q

why are small cells better

A

if they are bigger stuff cant transport into them in the time it needs

53
Q

what is the benefit of an increased surface area

A

possibility for more transport

54
Q

what happens if the cell becomes to large

A

volume increases and the distance any molecule has to travel from the cell surface will increase

55
Q

what must happen for efficient transport at a cell surface

A

cell must have a large surface area in relation to its volume

56
Q

what does it mean when there is a higher SA to V ratio

A

cell has more efficient transport

Science 10 (13 decks)

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