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Science 10 > Climate Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Climate Quiz 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the difference between weather and climate?

A

weather looks at a particular place or time and uses meteorological terms whereas climate exists consistently over a long period of

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2
Q

what is the biosphere

A

the layer of earth that has the conditions to support life

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3
Q

what is the hydrosphere

A

component of the biosphere that contains water in all forms

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4
Q

what is the atmosphere

A

component of the biosphere that is composed primarily of gases

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5
Q

what is the lithosphere

A
  • component of the biosphere that makes up the outer layer of earth and extends 100 km below the surface
  • made of rocks, minerals, and solid elements
  • home to microorganisms, plants and animals
  • warmed by the sun
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6
Q

what is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere, and what does it do

A

nitrogen which is required for plant growth via bacteria conversion but does not support combustion

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7
Q

what is the second most abundant gas in the atmosphere and what is it used for

A

oxygen which is used in chemical reactions and creates/releases fuel

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8
Q

what are the two other main gases that makeup the atmosphere

A

carbon dioxide and argon, plus other gases

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9
Q

how many atmospheric layers are there

A

4

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10
Q

what determines these layers

A

average air temperature

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11
Q

what are the atmospheric layers from greatest to least altitude

A

thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, troposphere

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12
Q

whats the thermosphere

A

layer farthest from the earths surface that cannot support life

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13
Q

whats the mesosphere

A

third layer above earths surface that cannot support life

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14
Q

whats the stratosphere

A

second closest layer to earth’s surface that contains the ozone layer along with most of the ozone in the atmosphere

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15
Q

what’s the purpose of the ozone layer

A

it absorbs UV rays from the sun, heats up the stratosphere and protects living organisms from UV rays

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16
Q

whats the troposphere

A

the layer of atmospheric gases 0-10 km from the earth’s surface that has oxygen levels and temperature conditions to support life

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17
Q

what happens to temperature in the troposphere as the altitude increases

A

it decreases

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18
Q

what does it mean in the troposphere if the temperature is increasing

A

you are decreasing in altitude

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19
Q

whats an inversion

A

a reversal of normal temperature patterns seen in the troposphere that may trap unusually cold air close to the ground due to less air circulation

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20
Q

how do living things deal with climate

A

through adaptation

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21
Q

whats an adaptation

A

any change an organism makes to become more suited to its environment

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22
Q

whats dormancy

A

period where growth in an organism becomes very slow

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23
Q

whats anecdotal evidence

A

evidence that relies on reports from people about certain events and how they interpret them over time. it has not been tested for bias and has also not been tested to see if it applies to situations other than the particular events reported

24
Q

whats scientific evidence

A

facts that rely on collected evidence, which ensures it is as unbiased as possible. it reflects general situations instead of just particular events and is usually collected by trained scientists and is checked by other scientists.

25
Q

whats insolation

A

amount of solar energy received by a region on earth

26
Q

where does almost all the energy come from

A

the sun

27
Q

what is most energy converted to

A

solar energy

28
Q

whats solar energy

A

radiant energy generated from the sun

29
Q

what does insolation depend on

A

the latitude and characteristics of lithosphere

30
Q

what’s the angle of inclination

A

degree by which the earth’s poles are tilted from the plane of its orbit

31
Q

what are latitudes

A

parallel lines around the earth also known as the equator

32
Q

whats a solstice

A

a point in earths orbit where the poles are the most tilted towards or away from the sun

33
Q

what’s the angle of incidence

A

angle between a ray falling to earth’s surface and the line perpendicular to the earth’s surface

34
Q

whats albedo

A

measure of reflectivity that shows the percent of solar radiation that the earth reflects

35
Q

whats the greenhouse effect

A

the absorption of thermal energy by the atmospheric gases

36
Q

what are the two types of the greenhouse effect

A

natural and human enhanced

37
Q

why is natural greenhouse effect a good thing

A

allows for enough insulation to sustain life and keeps earth warm

38
Q

whats a net radiation budget

A

difference between the amount of incoming radiation and outgoing radiation reemitted from earth’s surface and atmosphere

39
Q

whats a balanced net radiation budget

A

0

40
Q

what do you have if the incoming radiation is greater than the outgoing radiation

A

a surplus, which causes air temperature to increase

41
Q

what do you have if outgoing radiation is higher than incoming radiation

A

a deficit, which causes temperatures to decrease

42
Q

whats radiation

A

emission of heat through electromagnetic radiation that travels in all directions directly to point of absorption at the speed of light

43
Q

whats conduction

A

when a particle with high kinetic energy makes contact with a particle with a lower kinetic energy and a transfer of energy occurs

44
Q

whats convection

A

when a warmer particle moves towards a colder particle

45
Q

what causes wind

A

the rising and sinking masses of ain in convection currents that cause changes in atmospheric pressure

46
Q

whats the coriolis effct

A

the idea that the earth is spinning deflecting any object from a straight path due to the rotation

47
Q

what do global wind patterns do

A

transfer thermal energy from areas of net radiation budget surplus to areas of net radiation budget deficit

48
Q

what would happen without the occurrence of global wind patterns

A

areas at or near the equator would grow very how while the rest of the earth would become much colder

49
Q

what causes trade winds

A

the action of the Coriolis effect which deflects the rising currents of air to the northeast in the northern hemisphere and the southeast in the southern hemisphere

50
Q

what are jet streams

A

bands of fast moving air in the stratosphere

51
Q

what do changes in jet streams affect

A

the formation of severe weather events

52
Q

how does the hydrosphere transfer thermal energy

A

vertically through the oceans and other bodies of water via convection currents

53
Q

what also affects the direction of currents

A

earths continents

54
Q

what do convection currents do

A

transfer thermal energy between the upper and lower depths of the oceans

55
Q

can large bodies of water affect climate

A

yes, they can have a profound effect

Science 10 (13 decks)

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