climate and weather Flashcards
Climate
refers to the long-term patterns of temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind, and other atmospheric conditions in a specific region. It is the average weather conditions over a prolonged period, typically 30 years.
what is Weather?
Weather refers to the short-term atmospheric conditions in a specific location, including temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure. Weather can change from day to day and hour to hour.
Atmosphere
The atmosphere is the layer of gases surrounding the Earth. It consists of various components, including nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and trace gases. The atmosphere plays a crucial role in regulating climate and weather patterns.
Greenhouse Effect
The greenhouse effect is a natural process that warms the Earth’s surface. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (such as carbon dioxide and methane) trap heat from the sun, preventing it from escaping back into space.
Global Warming
Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth’s average surface temperature. It is primarily attributed to human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels, which release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
Climate Change
Climate change refers to long-term changes in temperature, precipitation, and other atmospheric conditions. While natural factors contribute to climate variability, human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes, are driving recent changes.
Front
A front is a boundary between two air masses with different temperatures and humidity levels. Weather changes, such as precipitation and temperature fluctuations, often occur along fronts.
Cyclone
A cyclone is a large-scale atmospheric circulation system characterized by low pressure at its center. In the Northern Hemisphere, cyclones rotate counterclockwise, while in the Southern Hemisphere, they rotate clockwise.
Anticyclone
An anticyclone is a large-scale circulation system with high atmospheric pressure at its center. Anticyclones are associated with clear skies and generally calm weather conditions.
Humidity
Humidity is the amount of moisture or water vapor present in the air. It is a key factor in determining weather conditions, affecting temperature perception and contributing to the formation of clouds and precipitation.
Precipitation
Precipitation is any form of water, liquid or solid, that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth’s surface. It includes rain, snow, sleet, hail, and drizzle.
Monsoon
A monsoon is a seasonal wind pattern that brings a change in precipitation and wind direction. Monsoons are common in tropical and subtropical regions and play a crucial role in shaping regional climates.
