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HistoPath Lec 2ndYR 2ndSem Midterms > Clearing (Lab) > Flashcards

Clearing (Lab) Flashcards

1
Q

Serves as a bridge between dehydration and infiltration

A

Clearing

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2
Q

Clearing agents are miscible with both ________ and _________

A

Ethanol & Paraffin Wax

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3
Q

The goal of clearing

A

make the tissue clear

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4
Q

What property of clearing agents causes high transparency to tissues

A

High Refractive Index

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5
Q

The choice of clearing agent depends on what factors?

A
  • type of tissue
  • type of processing and processor system
  • intended processing conditions
  • safety factors, cost and convenience
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6
Q

Clearing agent used for automated processes

A

Xylene

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7
Q

Most common clearing agent

A

Xylene

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8
Q

Soaking an incompletely dehydrated tissue in xylene will cause what appearance

A

Milky

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9
Q

Xylene is not preferred for what type of tissue

A

CNS tissues

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10
Q

Procedure for Xylene

A

20min - 20min - 45min

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11
Q

Process whereby alcohol or a dehydrating agent is removed

A

Clearing

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12
Q

Used for clearing when the tissue is to be cleared directly from water (ex: Frozen sections)

A

Glycerin and Gum Syrup

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13
Q

Clearing agent used for when no dealcoholization is involved

A

Glycerin and Gum Syrup

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14
Q

Characteristics of a good clearing agent

A
  • should be miscible with alcohol
  • should be miscible and easily removed by melted paraffin wax
  • should not produce excessive shrinkage, hardening and damage of tissue
  • should not dissolve out aniline dyes
  • should not evaporate quickly in a water bath
  • should make tissue transparent
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15
Q

Another name for Xylene

A

Xylol

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16
Q

Clearing time for Xylene

A

1/2hr to 1hr

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17
Q

Clearing time for Toluene

A

1 - 2hrs

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18
Q

Clearing time for Benzene

A

15 - 60mins

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19
Q

Clearing agent used for larger or thicker tissue blocks (up to 1cm)

A

Chloroform

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20
Q

Tissues placed in this clearing agent do not become translucent

A

Chloroform

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21
Q

“Routine work” is how many hours?

A

6 - 24hrs

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22
Q

Used to clear both paraffin and celloidin sections during embedding process

A

Cedar Oil

23
Q

Clearing agent recommended for CNS tissues and Cytological studies

A

Cedar Oil

24
Q

Usual clearing time for Cedar Oil

A

2 - 3 days

25
Q

Cedar Oil can clear _______ in 5 to 6 days

A

Celloidin

26
Q

Clearing agent that is able to clear 70% alcohol

A

Aniline Oil

27
Q

Clearing agent that is able to perform two processes at the same time

A

Tetrahydrofuran

28
Q

Clearing time for Dioxane

A

4 hrs

29
Q

How many times does Dioxane change within 4 hrs

A

3

30
Q

Earliest transition solvents to be used in histology

A

Terpenes

31
Q

A natural oil found in the skins of citrus fruits

A

Limonene

32
Q

Clearing action with the lowest hazard rating of all xylene alternatives

A

Orange Oil Based clearing agents

33
Q

Government regulations have restricted most of the effective solvents in this class

A

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

34
Q

Has the tendency to get solidified at a lower temperature

A

Coconut Oil

35
Q

This transition agent can also be used as an dealcoholization agent

A

Coconut Oil

36
Q

Present as a barrier to wax infiltration

A

Fat

37
Q

Preferred for processing brain tissues

A

Toluene

38
Q

Best transition agent

A

Benzene

39
Q

Often used on dense tissues

A

Chloroform

40
Q

Clearing agent that is an almost colorless mixture of isomers with a faint pleasant odor and very low evaporation rate

A

Terpineol

41
Q

Terpineol clears tissue from how much concentration of alcohol

A

80% - 90% alcohol

42
Q

Is a particularly useful substitute for Cedarwood Oil

A

Terpineol

43
Q

Clearing agent that rapidly clears tissues from 95% alcohol

A

Cedarwood Oil

44
Q

Formation of Crystalline Cedrol in Cedarwood Oil can be overcome by?

A

Addition of 1ml Xylene/Toluene to 80ml Cedarwood Oil

45
Q

Temperature of Vacuum when restoring exhausted Cedarwood oil

A

60 degrees Celsius

46
Q

When restoring exhausted Cedarwood Oil, how long must it stay in the vacuum

A

30 - 60mins

47
Q

What process clears tissues after dehydration to prepare the tissues for its exposure to wax

A

Embedding Process

48
Q

These are clear tissue sections after they have been stained to prepare it for microscopic evaluation

A

Mounting Tissues

49
Q

Name 5 organic solvents

A
  1. Xylene
  2. Toluene
  3. Benzene
  4. Chloroform
  5. Terpineol
50
Q

What is the ratio of Xylene/Toluene to Cedarwood Oil when overcoming Crystalline Cedrol

A

1:80

51
Q

Cedarwood Oil is largely composed of what?

A

Cedrene

52
Q

Odor of Terpineol

A

faint Pleasant odor

53
Q

Evaporation rate of Terpineol

A

Very low

54
Q

When Dioxane is used, 3 changes are made in a total of how many minutes?

A

90mins

HistoPath Lec 2ndYR 2ndSem Midterms (5 decks)

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