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MBE3 > Clastridium Ch 20. Bacillus Anthrax > Flashcards

Clastridium Ch 20. Bacillus Anthrax Flashcards

1
Q 
Gram+ rods
endospore forming
obligate anaerobic (spores are O2 resistant)
A

Clostridium

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2
Q

environment (soil) + intestinal mucus

A

Clostridium

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3
Q

Endospore

staining

A

Malachite Green

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4
Q

severe form of food poisoning (often home canning)

► paralysis

A

Botulism

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5
Q

Clostridium botulinum

Virulence Factors

A 
botulinum neurotoxin (AB-exotoxin) blocks Acetylcholine release
► flaccid muscles including respiratory paralysis ► death
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6
Q 
botulinum neurotoxin (AB-exotoxin) blocks ............. release
► flaccid muscles including respiratory paralysis ► death
A 
botulinum neurotoxin (AB-exotoxin) blocks Acetylcholine release
► flaccid muscles including respiratory paralysis ► death
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7
Q

Clostridium botulinum

Tissue invasion or No?

A

NO. A acts through toxin

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8
Q

Bacterial growth remains localized but tetanus toxin spreads

A

Clostridium tetani

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9
Q

Tetanospasmin

A

tetanospasmin (tetanus AB-exotoxin neurotoxin, plasmid-encoded) blocks GABA (gammaaminobutyric
acid) and glycine release ► loss of inhibitory input to motor neuron excitation ►
uncontrolled muscle contraction “spastic paralysis”
Toxin effect may be localized and one-sided (on opposite side of infection); anti-toxin usually
too late

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10
Q

tetanospasmin (tetanus AB-exotoxin neurotoxin, plasmid-encoded) blocks …………..

A

tetanospasmin (tetanus AB-exotoxin neurotoxin, plasmid-encoded) blocks GABA and glycine

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11
Q

Tentanus can be

A

Localized and general

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12
Q

Tentanus prevents

A

Muscle relaxation

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13
Q

Neonatal tetanus

A

Passive immunization (IgG) of pregnant women can prevent
neonatal tetanus death by umbilical infection (250,000/yr
worldwide)

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14
Q

only Clostridial species

WITH tissue invasion

A

Clostridium perfringens

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15
Q

(lecithinase-phospholipase C) ► membrane destruction (α-hemolysis) What species?

A

α-toxin

Clostridium perfringens

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16
Q

(β-hemolysis) ► complete hemolysis, cytolytic toxin

What species?

A

θ-toxin

17
Q

collagenase, hyaluronidase facilitates ……………

What Species?

A

Clostridium perfringens

collagenase, hyaluronidase facilitate tissue invasion from the edges of necrotizing tissues.

18
Q

gas gangrene
anaerobic fermentation (of amino acids)
► gas (H2, CO2)

A

anaerobic fermentation (of amino acids)
► gas (H2, CO2)
Clostridium perfringens

19
Q

uterine gangrene

A

Clostridium perfringens
puerperal (“childbed”) fever: uterine gangrene
when dirt and dust and fecal matter attack a
traumatized post-abortion uterus

20
Q

gangrene is associated with?

A

Clostridium perfringens

21
Q

No vaccination is possible with

A

Antibody against α-toxin fails to stop gas gangrene: amputate
Clostridium perfringens

22
Q

Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis?

Which species

A

Clostridium difficile
Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis
(PMC) results from broad-spectrum antibiotics that kill
much of the other normal intestinal bacterial flora,
giving resistant species like toxin-producing
Clostridium difficile a chance to take over.
Also observed after antimicrobial chemo-therapy

23
Q

Clostridium difficile Virulance Factors

A

toxin A (enterotoxin): PMN chemotaxis,
inhibits intestinal tight-junctions ► fluid leak
Ø toxin B (cytotoxin): actin depolymerization
► rounding of epithelial cells ► fluid leak
Result from both: diarrhea

24
Q

In Clostridium difficile
Toxin A does….
Toxin B does……

A

toxin A (enterotoxin): PMN chemotaxis,
inhibits intestinal tight-junctions ► fluid leak
Ø toxin B (cytotoxin): actin depolymerization
► rounding of epithelial cells ► fluid leak
Result from both: diarrhea

25
Q

(enterotoxin): PMN chemotaxis,
inhibits intestinal tight-junctions ► fluid leak
What species

A 
toxin A (enterotoxin): PMN chemotaxis,
inhibits intestinal tight-junctions ► fluid leak
C. Difficile
26
Q

zoonotic infection “woolsorter’s disease”

• Gram+ rods, facultative anaerobe

A

B. anthracis

27
Q

Toxin EF does what?

What species?

A

A = EF = adenylate cyclase ► cAMP

► edema (like cholera toxin)

28
Q

Lethal Factor LF?

What Genus Species?

A

A = LF = metallo-protease ► MAP kinase ► death

B. Anthrax

29
Q

Toxic shock and Death?

A

Macrophage TNF alpha. Toxic shock and death 1-2days

30
Q

ulcers in mouth, esophagus
-> edema + sepsis
• Lethality if in lower
intestines: 100%

A

B. Anthracis

intestinal anthrax

31
Q

Macrophage TNFcauses…….

A

Macrophage TNFcauses

toxic shock and death

32
Q

redness (inflammatory cytokines),
edema (EdTx) with vascular (top)
and vesicle (bottom) rupture.
• Lethality: 20%

A

Skin anthrax:

MBE3 (13 decks)

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