Bacteria-Ch24-29 Spirochetes---Mycoplasma-with highlights

Question 1

Treponema pallidum

POS or Neg

Answer 1

Neg

Question 2

What type of LPS does Terponema pallidum have?

Answer 2

It doesn’t have an LPS bro.

Question 3

flagella (3/pole) in an axial filament (between inner &outer membrane)

Answer 3

Treponema pallidum

Question 4

fragile (only survive transmission without exposure):
sexual and congenital (placental) transmission in body fluids and
mucous membranes

Answer 4

Treponema pallidum

Question 5

Treponema pallidum

Virulance Factors

Answer 5

host response causes disease

symptoms

Question 6

A new-world ® old-world

disease thanks to Columbus

Answer 6

Syphilis

Question 7

sexual (human reservoir)
• congenital (spirochete
crosses placenta: late lethality)

Answer 7

Syphilis

Question 8

Syphilis:

Stages….

Answer 8

Stages:
1. local: hard chancre/ulcer at
site of infection; infectious
2.disseminated: rash, aches;
mucous membrane lesions
(“the great imitator”);
infectious
3.gummas; damage to blood
vessels, eyes, CNS;
insanity; not infectious

Question 9

gummas

Answer 9

Stage 3. Syphilis
gummas; damage to blood
vessels, eyes, CNS;
insanity; not infectious

Question 10

Syphillis Asymptomatic period

Answer 10

2-24 weeks.

Question 11

Tertiary syphilis

Answer 11

Diffuse Cronic inflammation

Question 12

Secondary syphilis

Answer 12

2-6 weeks; 50% of primary
infections go on to secondary; symptoms typically
resolve spontaneously (but recurrence in 25% with 1 yr)

Microbe persists for 2/3 of secondary infections, with 1/2
exhibiting tertiary syphilis

Question 13

gummas

Answer 13

These form in tertiary syphilis
granuloma lesion = inflammatory mass which can perforate, e.g. roof of
mouth or any other tissues

Question 14

[completely preventable by penicillin treatment early in pregnancy!):

Answer 14

congenital syphilis [

Question 15

high lethality in-utero OR
when initially born without symptoms: high lethality typical of young children (e.g. 2 yrs old) with facial
and dental abnormalities like “Hutchinson’s incisors” and “mulberry molars”.

Answer 15

Syphilis

Question 16

Treatment for 1º and 2º infections, which contain actively growing spirochetes
No vaccine

Answer 16

penicillin for 1º and 2º infections, which contain actively growing spirochetes
No vaccine

Question 17

Borrelia
Neg or Pos?
Shape?

Answer 17

G-

Spirochete

Question 18

Borrelia burgdorferi

what desease?

Answer 18

Lyme Desease

Question 19

Ixodus scapularis

Answer 19

Tick involved in Lyme desease.

Question 20

…… are responsible for spreading the majority of lyme disease infections to humans. Usually during late spring and early summer.

Answer 20

Nymphs

Question 21

Lyme Disease: Bacterium/reservoir

Answer 21

Borrelia Burgdorferi
deers, rodents
Transmission
ticks

Question 22

Erythema
migrans
rash

Answer 22

Lyme Disease: Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 23

chronic: arthritis,
CNS paralysis (due
to persistent immune
response)(>6 months

Answer 23

stage 3 lyme desease

Question 24

disseminated: nerve
paralysis (with heart
arrhythmia)(2-8 wks

Answer 24

Stage 2 lyme desease

Question 25

Relapsing Fever

Answer 25

Borrelia spp.

Question 26

Borrelia spp. | Virulance Factor

Answer 26

Virulence Factor: Relapsing fever due to effective immune response to antigenic variation

Question 27

B. recurrentis | Desease

Answer 27

Body Louse Reservor: Hue-mons Relaspsing Fever

Question 28

B. miyamotoi Desease Reservoir

Answer 28

Soft shelled Rodents Soft shelled ticks Relasping Fever

Question 29

Rickettsia | Neg of Pos

Answer 29

G-

Question 30

obligate intracellular parasite | entry into endothelial cells, escape into cytoplasm

Answer 30

Rickettsia

Question 31

``` escape into cytoplasm by phospholipase, slow proliferation, cell lysis and vascular hemorrhages (no laboratory culture) ```

Answer 31

Rickettsia

Question 32

GTransmission | of this zoonosis: Rickettsia

Answer 32

``` wood tick (including transovarian transmission from adult ticks into tick eggs) • reservoir: wild rodents ```

Question 33

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Answer 33

Rickettsia

Question 34

Disease: • rash of extremities, then trunk • hemorrhagic lesions (with disseminated vascular CTL lysis of endothelial cells) ► spots • dissemination to heart, kidneys, etc ► shock, death (mortality = 20-40% if no treatment)

Answer 34

Rickettisa

Question 35

Chlamydia trachomatis | Neg or Pos

Answer 35

G-

Question 36

The most frequent sexually transmitted infection (followed by gonorrhea, AIDS and syphilis)

Answer 36

Chlamydia

Question 37

No “peptidoglycan” synthesis (although the bacterial cell wall looks ‘normal G−’), low LPS

Answer 37

Chlamydia

Question 38

Inflammatory cytokines released from infected cells cause disease manifestations: damaging cell-mediated immune response in various tissues.

Answer 38

Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 39

EB: epithelial cell adhesion to microvilli..................

Answer 39

RB in phagosomes (no fusion with | lysosomes) ► replication and division ► EB ► cell lysis / exocytosis

Question 40

replication and division in chlamydia

Answer 40

RB in phagosomes (no fusion with | lysosomes) ► replication and division ► EB ► cell lysis / exocytosis

Question 41

Chlamydial diseases caused by ...................

Answer 41

Chlamydial diseases caused by CMI responses

Question 42

8 serotypes:

Answer 42

gonorrheal-like sexual disease • Mucopurulent urethritis, cervicitis, salpingitis (fallopian tube infection) • mobility by adhesion to sperm (► epididymitis prostatitis in men) • PID (pelvic inflammatory disease) ► scarring ► ectopic pregnancy + decreased fertility

Question 43

3 serotypes: Chlamydia

Answer 43

lymphogranuloma venereum

Question 44

4 serotypes: Chlamydia

Answer 44

trachoma (endemic chronic eye infection: blindness) | ophthalmia neonatorum with conjunctivitis and pneumonia

Question 45

no immune protection | reinfection: stronger CMI

Answer 45

Chlamydia

Question 46

Chlamydia pneumoniae Causes

Answer 46

C.pneumoniae strain causes | “walking pneumonia”

Question 47

Mycoplasma pneumoniae | Neg or Pos?

Answer 47

Non-gram straining bro.

Question 48

are smallest prokaryote (

Answer 48

Mycoplasma species are smallest prokaryote (M. genitalium 580,070 bp – 475 genes) strict aerobe (preference for bronchial mucosa)

Question 49

atypical, mild ........, the leading cause in schools, students, and military: aerosol transmission in crowded conditions no vaccination; fading protective immunity after recovery

Answer 49

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 50

........................... is also known as “walking pneumonia” because it is typically mild and without the need for hospitalization.

Answer 50

Mycoplasma pneumonia is also known as “walking pneumonia” because it is typically mild and without the need for hospitalization.

Question 51

Mycoplasma pneumonia vaccine or no?

Answer 51

Nah

Question 52

Which pneumonia has a vaccine

Answer 52

Pneumococcal pneumonia