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Micro Biology > Classifiction Of Fungi > Flashcards

Classifiction Of Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main difference that makes fungi unique and potentially hazardous?

1.Their ability to photosynthesize
2.Their rigid cell walls
3.Their spore-forming nature
4.Their motility (flagellation)
5.Their unicellular structure

A

3.

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2
Q

Which of the following statements about fungi is true?

1.All fungi are prokaryotic.
2.Fungi can perform photosynthesis.
3.Fungi are chemotrophic.
4.Fungi have no rigid cell wall.
5.Fungi are all motile.

A

3

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3
Q

Approximately how many fungi are known to produce disease in humans and animals?

100
200
300
400
500

A

300

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4
Q

Which of the following is NOT a factor in the classification of fungi?

1.Genome properties
2.Modes of growth
3.Photosynthetic ability
4.Characteristic structures
5.Habitats

A

3.

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5
Q

What are the main classifications of fungi?

1.Yeasts and bacteria
2.Yeasts and molds
3.Molds and bacteria
4.Yeasts and viruses
5.Molds and protozoa

A

2

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6
Q

What is responsible for the fluffy appearance of mold colonies?

1.Spores
2.Septate hyphae
3.Mycelium
4.Aerial hyphae
5.Large multicellular aggregates of long branching filaments (hyphae)

A

5

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7
Q

Which type of hyphae lacks cross walls?

1.Septate hyphae
2.Aerial hyphae
3.Vegetative hyphae
4.Reproductive hyphae
5.Asaptate (coenocytic) hyphae

A

5

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8
Q

What is the function of vegetative hyphae?

1.They absorb food by penetrating the media.
2.They are directed above the surface of the media.
3.They carry different spores.
4.They provide structural support to the fungi.
5.They contribute to the fluffy appearance of mold colonies.

A

1

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9
Q

What describes the growth rate of saprophytic molds compared to pathogenic molds?

1.Pathogenic molds grow faster than saprophytic molds.
2.Saprophytic molds grow faster than pathogenic molds.
3.Both grow at the same rate.
4.Saprophytic molds do not grow.
5.Pathogenic molds do not grow.

A

2

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10
Q

Which of the following is a common feature of mold colonies in terms of topography?

1.Smooth and shiny
2.Rough and irregular
3.Glabrous, velvety, verrucose, cottony, powdery, fluffy
4.Transparent and wet
5.Hard and crusty

A

3

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11
Q

Which type of pigmentation can be found in molds?

1.Only pigmented
2.Only nonpigmented
3.Only nonmelanized hyaline hyphae
4.Pigmented, nonpigmented, and nonmelanized hyaline hyphae
5.Only reverse site pigmentation

A

4

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12
Q

At what temperature range do molds typically grow?

1.10-15°C
2.15-20°C
3.20-26°C
4.26-30°C
5.30-35°C

A

3

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13
Q

What is mycology?

1.The study of bacteria
2.The study of viruses
3.The study of fungi
4.The study of protozoa
5.The study of algae

A

3

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14
Q

Which of the following is true about molds?

1.Molds are single-celled organisms.
2.Molds have no rigid cell wall.
3.Molds grow much faster than bacteria.
4.Molds consist of long branching filaments called hyphae.
5.Molds are photosynthetic.

A

4

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15
Q

Which type of hyphae are responsible for carrying different spores?

1.Vegetative hyphae
2.Aerial hyphae
3.Reproductive hyphae
4.Septate hyphae
5.Asaptate hyphae

A

3

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16
Q

Which feature is NOT characteristic of fungi?

1.Rigid cell wall
2.Ability to photosynthesize
3.Eukaryotic nature
4.Chemotrophic metabolism
5.Spore-forming nature

A

2

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17
Q

What distinguishes yeasts from molds in fungal classification?

1.Yeasts are multicellular, molds are unicellular.
2.Yeasts are unicellular, molds are multicellular.
3.Yeasts and molds are both unicellular.
4.Yeasts are chemotrophic, molds are photosynthetic.
5.Yeasts have cross walls in hyphae, molds do not.

A

2

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18
Q

What is the function of reproductive hyphae in molds?

1.Penetrate the media and absorb food.
2.Are directed above the surface of the media.
3.Carry different spores.
4.Provide structural support.
5.Form the main body of the mold.

A

3

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19
Q

How do saprophytic molds compare to pathogenic molds in terms of growth rate?

1.Saprophytic molds grow faster than pathogenic molds.
2.Pathogenic molds grow faster than saprophytic molds.
3.Both grow at the same rate.
4.Saprophytic molds do not grow.
5.Pathogenic molds do not grow.

A

1

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20
Q

Which hyphae type has cross walls?

1.Asaptate hyphae
2.Coenocytic hyphae
3.Vegetative hyphae
4.Septate hyphae
5.Reproductive hyphae

A

4

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21
Q

What type of pigmentation is seen in molds?

1.Always pigmented
2.Only nonpigmented
3.Pigmented, nonpigmented, nonmelanized hyaline hyphae
4.Only reverse site pigmentation
5.Only diffusible pigmentation

A

3

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22
Q

Which type of hyphae penetrates the media and absorbs food?

1.Aerial hyphae
2.Reproductive hyphae
3.Vegetative hyphae
4.Septate hyphae
5.Asaptate hyphae

A

3

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23
Q

How do fungal spores impact human health?

1.They are harmless.
2.They can act as important allergens.
3.They always cause infections.
4.They are beneficial to the immune system.
5.They never affect humans.

A

2

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24
Q

Which classification factor includes the presence of hyphae and spores?

1.Modes of growth
2.Genome properties
3.Characteristic structures
4.Habitats
5.Modes of reproduction

A

3

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25
Q

Where are mold spores mostly produced?

1.At the base of the hyphae
2.Inside the fungal cell
3.At the ends of aerial hyphae
4.On the surface of the media
5.Within the mycelium

A

3

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26
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fungal spores?

1.Resistant to unfavorable conditions
2.Produced in large numbers
3.Easily disseminated in nature and laboratory conditions
4.Aid in photosynthesis
5.Enhance the spread of fungus

A

4

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27
Q

What are asexual spores called that form clusters at the end of aerial hyphae?

1.Sporangiospores
2.Zygospores
3.Conidia
4.Basidiospores
5.Ascospores

A

3

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28
Q

Which type of conidia is known for being large, round, thick-walled, and unicellular?

1.Arthroconidia
2.Microconidia
3.Macroconidia
4.Chlamydoconidia
5.Sporangiospores

A

4

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29
Q

What is a characteristic feature of arthroconidia?

1.They are large and round with thick walls.
2.They form barrel-shaped structures by fragmenting away from the mother filament.
3.They are small and unicellular.
4.They are multicellular and useful in identification.
5.They are produced within a sac-like structure called sporangium.

A

2

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30
Q

Which type of conidia is typically small and unicellular?

Arthroconidia
Chlamydoconidia
Microconidia
Macroconidia
Sporangiospores

A

Microconidia

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31
Q

What are macroconidia known for?

Being small and unicellular
Thick-walled and resistant to adverse conditions
Multicellular and useful in identification of molds
Forming within sporangia
Fragmenting into barrel-shaped conidia

A

Multicellular and useful in identification of molds

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32
Q

Where are sporangiospores produced?

At the ends of vegetative hyphae
Within the fungal cell
At the ends of aerial hyphae within a sporangium
On the surface of the media
Within the mycelium

A

At the ends of aerial hyphae within a sporangium

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33
Q

What is a sporangium?

1.A cluster of conidia
2.A sac-like structure that contains sporangiospores
3.A type of hyphal cell
4.A multicellular aggregate
5.A thick-walled unicellular structure

A

2.

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34
Q

Which of the following is true about chlamydoconidia?

1.They are small and unicellular.
2.They are resistant to heat, drying, and freezing.
3.They form barrel-shaped conidia.
4.They are found within sporangia.
5.They are always multicellular.

A

2

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35
Q

Which type of spore is commonly seen in molds with aseptate hyphae?

1.Conidia
2.Chlamydoconidia
3.Arthroconidia
4.Sporangiospores
5.Macroconidia

A

4

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36
Q

What is a common feature of arthroconidia formation?

1.They are formed in sac-like structures.
2.They are produced under favorable conditions.
3.Hyphal cells thicken their cell walls and fragment away.
4.They are always multicellular
5.They are resistant to adverse conditions.

A

3

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37
Q

Which spore type contains glycogen or lipid energy reserves?

1.Sporangiospores
2.Macroconidia
3.Chlamydoconidia
4.Microconidia
5.Arthroconidia

A

3

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38
Q

How do sporangiospores typically get disseminated?

1.By breaking off from aerial hyphae
2.By releasing from the sporangium
3.By fragmenting from mother filaments
4.By thickening and resisting unfavorable conditions
5.By forming multicellular aggregates

A

2.

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39
Q

What enhances the spread of conidia?

1.Their large size and weight
2.Their thick walls
3.Their lightweight and ease of dissemination
4.Their ability to photosynthesize
5.Their ability to form sac-like structures

A

3

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40
Q

What happens when a hyphal cell transforms into a conidium?

1.It becomes resistant to heat and drying.
2.It forms a thick-walled structure.
3.It becomes a lightweight, easily disseminated spore.
4.It forms a sac-like structure.
5.It fragments into barrel-shaped pieces.

A

3

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41
Q

What is a characteristic shape of yeast cells?

1.Rod-shaped
2.Filamentous
3.Spherical or ellipsoidal
4.Spiral
5.Club-shaped

A

2

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42
Q

How do yeasts primarily reproduce?

1.Binary fission
2.Fragmentation
3.Budding
4.Spore formation
5.Conjugation

A

3

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43
Q

What is the term used for a yeast bud?

1.Sporangium
2.Conidium
3.Hypha
4.Blastospore
5.Macroconidium

A

4

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44
Q

At what temperature range do yeasts typically grow?

1.10-20°C
2.20-30°C
3.30-37°C
4.37-45°C
5.45-50°C

A

3

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45
Q

What color are yeast colonies typically on soil media?

1.Black
2.Green
3.Cream-colored
4.Red
5.Blue

A

3

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46
Q

How are spores produced in fungi?

1.Only asexually
2.Only sexually
3.Both asexually and sexually
4.By budding
5.By binary fission

A

3

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47
Q

Why are sexual spores rarely seen in clinical isolates?

1.Most fungi are monomorphic
2.Most fungi are heterothallic
3.Most fungi are dimorphic
4.Most fungi are unicellular
5.Most fungi are saprophytic

A

2.

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48
Q

What is the process by which asexual spores are formed in a sporangium?

1.Meiosis and cytoplasmic cleavage
2.Mitosis and cytoplasmic cleavage
3.Budding and binary fission
4.Fragmentation and sporulation
5.Conjugation and fusion

A

2

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49
Q

Which type of fungi grows only in yeast or mold morphology?

1.Dimorphic fungi
2.Monomorphic fungi
3.Polymorphic fungi
4.Saprophytic fungi
5.Pathogenic fungi

A

2

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50
Q

What is an important factor for dimorphic fungi in clinical settings?

1.Nutrient availability
2.Virulence factor
3.Moisture levels
4.Light exposure
5.Oxygen concentration

A

2

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51
Q

How do dimorphic fungi adapt to different temperatures?

1.By changing color
2.By forming spores
3.By altering morphology (mold at room temperature, yeast at body temperature)
4.By increasing nutrient absorption
5.By developing resistance to antifungal agents

A

3

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52
Q

What is the result when single yeast buds fail to separate?

1.They form spores
2.They become multicellular colonies
3.They form chains of buds called pseudohyphae
4.They revert to parent cells
5.They develop into conidia

A

3.

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53
Q

What additional structure do some yeast produce under dimorphic conditions?

1.Spores
2.Hyphal cells
3.Germ tubes
4.Conidia
5.Sporangia

A

3

54
Q

Which factor is NOT involved in the transition of dimorphic fungi?

1.Temperature
2.Nutrients
3.CO2 concentration
4.Light intensity
5.pH

A

4

55
Q

What is the appearance of yeast colonies on soil media?

1.Filamentous and dark
2.Velvety and colored
3.Cream-colored and bacteria-like
4.Powdery and white
5.Cottony and fluffy

A

3

56
Q

Which reproductive process follows meiosis in fungi?

1.Formation of conidia
2.Budding
3.Formation of sexual spores
4.Fragmentation
5.Binary fission

A

3

57
Q

What term describes the growth form of fungi that grow in both mold and yeast forms depending on conditions?

1.Monomorphic
2.Dimorphic
3.Polymorphic
4.Saprophytic
5.Pathogenic

A

2

58
Q

What structure forms when a yeast cell elongates and resembles a hypha?

1.Conidium
2.Sporangium
3.Pseudohypha
4.Macroconidium
5.Chlamydoconidium

A

3.

59
Q

Which environmental condition does NOT influence the form of dimorphic fungi?

1.Temperature
2.pH
3.Nutrient availability
4.CO2 concentration
5.Light intensity

A

5

60
Q

What is the importance of germ tube formation in some yeast?

1.It indicates fungal virulence.
2.It is used for nutrient absorption.
3.It forms a protective barrier.
4.It helps in spore dissemination.
5.It is a mechanism for sexual reproduction.

A

1.

61
Q

What component do some fungi possess that contributes to their virulence and prevents phagocytosis?

1.Chitin
2.Cell wall matrix
3.Capsule
4.Ergosterol
5.Man no proteins

A

3

62
Q

What is the capsule of fungi composed of?

1.Proteins
2.Lipids
3.Polysaccharides
4.Chitin
5.Inorganic salts

A

3

63
Q

Which structure provides skeletal support and shape to the fungal protoplast?

1.Capsule
2.Cell membrane
3.Cell wall matrix
4.Ergosterol
5.Mannoproteins

A

3

64
Q

What is a key diagnostic technique for disseminated candidiasis?

1.Determination of ergosterol levels
2.Identification of fungal viruses
3.Determination of manna concentrations in serum
4.Examination of fungal secondary metabolites
5.Analysis of chitosan content

A

3

65
Q

What unique sterol is found in the fungal cell membrane that differentiates it from mammalian cells?

1.Cholesterol
2.Ergosterol
3.Phytosterol
4.Sitosterol
5.Lanosterol

A

2

66
Q

Which component is targeted by antifungal drugs in the fungal cell membrane?

1.Chitin
2.Mannoproteins
3.Ergosterol
4.Polysaccharides
5.Galactans

A

3

67
Q

What is the role of membrane sterols in fungi?

1.Prevent phagocytosis
2.Provide skeletal support
3.Regulate membrane fluidity and control some physiological events
4.Serve as a diagnostic marker
5.Enhance virulence

A

3

68
Q

Which component of the fungal cell wall consists of chitinous microfibrils embedded in a matrix?

1.Ergosterol
2.Capsule
3.Cell wall matrix
4.Cell membrane
5.Plasmids

A

3

69
Q

What are the cytoplasmic contents of fungi?

1.Chitin and mannoproteins
2.Several nuclei, ER, mitochondria, ribosomes, golgi, plasmids, fungal viruses, secondary metabolites
3.Polysaccharides and proteins
4.Chitosan and galactans
5.Glycogen-like compounds and pigments

A

2

70
Q

Which polysaccharides are found in the fungal cell wall matrix?

1.Chitin and galactans
2.Glycogen-like compounds and chitosan
3.Mannoproteins and ergosterol
4.Chitinous microfibrils and inorganic salts
5.Ergosterol and mannoproteins

A

2

71
Q

How does the fungal cell membrane regulate the passage of materials?

1.By phagocytosis
2.By forming a capsule
3.By being selectively permeable
4.By producing secondary metabolites
5.By altering chitin content

A

3

72
Q

What makes the fungal capsule antigenic (foreign) to the human body?

1.Its chitin content
2.Its protein matrix
3.Its polysaccharide composition
4.Its lipids and inorganic salts
5.Its structural similarity to bacterial capsules

A

3

73
Q

What structure in fungi is similar to the mammalian plasma membrane?

1.Capsule
2.Cell wall
3.Cell membrane
4.Cytoplasmic content
5.Mannoproteins

A

3

74
Q

What provides structural support to the fungal cell wall?

1.Ergosterol
2.Capsule
3.Chitinous microfibrils
4.Mannoproteins
5.Secondary metabolites

A

3

75
Q

What kind of diagnostic technique is used to identify disseminated candidiasis?

1.Determination of chitosan levels
2.Determination of manna concentrations in serum
3.Analysis of fungal viruses
4.Examination of secondary metabolites
5.Determination of ergosterol levels

A

2

76
Q

Which component of the fungal cell wall is primarily responsible for its rigidity and structural integrity?

1.Capsule
2.Ergosterol
3.Chitinous microfibrils
4.Mannoproteins
5.Plasmids

A

3

77
Q

Where are molds typically found?

1.On fruit and berries
2.In damp, dark, or steam-filled areas
3.On skin
4.In the stomachs of mammals
5.In dry, sunny places

A

2

78
Q

1.Asexually through budding
2.Through binary fission
3.By forming conidia only
4.Through small spores, either sexual or asexual
5.By splitting into two cells

A

4

79
Q

What is a defining characteristic of yeast?

1.Contains multiple identical nuclei
2.Grows in the form of hyphae
3.Contains only a single cell
4.Has a fuzzy appearance
5.Can be found in several shapes

A

3

80
Q

What is the common appearance of mold?

1.White and thread-like
2.Smooth and shiny
3.Oval in shape
4.Fuzzy and can be orange, green, black, brown, pink, or purple
5.Transparent and slimy

A

4

81
Q

What are some uses of molds in food production?

1.Ethanol production
2.Baking
3.Production of cheese, such as by Penicillium
4.Study of cell cycle
5.Production of vitamin supplements

A

3

82
Q

How do yeasts produce energy?

1.By secreting hydrolytic enzymes
2.By converting carbohydrates to alcohol and carbon dioxide in anaerobic fermentation
3.By degrading biopolymers like starch and cellulose
4.By photosynthesis
5.By oxidizing sulfur compounds

A

2.

83
Q

What health hazards can molds cause?

1.Infectious diseases in compromised immune systems
2.Allergic reactions and respiratory problems
3.Skin infections
4.Digestive issues
5.Blood infections

A

2.

84
Q

Approximately how many known species of yeast are there?

1000
500
1500
2000
2500

A

1500

85
Q

What is the percentage of all fungi that yeasts represent?

5%
10%
1%
20%
15%

A

1%

86
Q

What color are yeast colonies typically?

1.Green
2.Orange
3.White and thread-like
4.Brown
5.Purple

A

3.

87
Q

What is a primary method of yeast reproduction?

1.Sexual reproduction
2.Spore formation
3.Budding
4.Fragmentation
5.Binary fission

A

3

88
Q

Which process is used by molds to produce energy?

1.Photosynthesis
2.Fermentation
3.Hydrolytic enzyme secretion
4.Nitrogen fixation
5.Sulfur oxidation

A

3.

89
Q

Where can yeasts commonly be found?

1.In steam-filled areas
2.On fruit and berries, in the stomachs of mammals, and on skin
3.In dry, sunny places
4.On rocks and soil
5.In fresh water

A

2

90
Q

What is the primary habitat of molds?

1.Dry, sunny places
2.Inside fruits
3.Damp, dark, or steam-filled areas
4.In the blood of mammals
5.On skin

A

3

91
Q

What is a common use of yeast in the food industry?

1.Production of antibiotics
2.Baking and ethanol production
3.Production of cheese
4.Fermentation of soy products
5.Production of biofuels

A

2

92
Q

What are the characteristics of yeast appearance?

1.Fuzzy and colorful
2.White and thread-like, usually oval
3.Green and filamentous
4.Brown and spherical
5.Pink and flat

A

2

93
Q

What species of mold is commonly used in the production of cheese?

1.Saccharomyces
2.Candida
3.Neurospora
4.Penicillium
5.Aspergillus

A

4

94
Q

What health hazard is associated with yeast?

1.Allergic reactions
2.Respiratory problems
3.Infection in individuals with compromised immune systems
4.Skin irritations
5.Digestive issues

A

3

95
Q

Which fungus type secretes hydrolytic enzymes that degrade biopolymers?

1.Yeast
2.Mold
3.Both yeast and mold
4.Neither yeast nor mold
5.Only dimorphic fungi

A

2

96
Q

What is the defining feature of mold reproduction?

1.Binary fission
2.Budding
3.Small spores, either sexual or asexual
4.Conjugation
5.Sporeless division

A

3

97
Q

Which of the following is a classification of fungal agents?

1.Endemic Mycoses
2.Subcutaneous Mycoses
3.Basidiomycetes
4.Opportunistic Mycoses
5.Cutaneous Mycoses

A

3

98
Q

What is the former name of Mucormycetes?

1.Saccharomycetes
2.Basidiomycetes
3.Zygomycetes
4.Pneumocystidiomycetes
5.Euascomycetes

A

3

99
Q

Which classification of diseases includes skin-related fungal infections?

1.Human Mycoses
2.Subcutaneous Mycoses
3.Endemic Mycoses
4.Opportunistic Mycoses
5.Cutaneous Mycoses

A

5

100
Q

Which group of fungal agents is associated with yeasts?

1.Mucormycetes
2.Pneumocystidiomycetes
3.Saccharomycetes
4.Euascomycetes
5.Basidiomycetes

A

3

101
Q

What type of mycoses affects deeper layers of the skin and tissues?

1.Cutaneous Mycoses
2.Subcutaneous Mycoses
3.Endemic Mycoses
4.Opportunistic Mycoses
5.Human Mycoses

A

2

102
Q

Which fungal classification is characterized by fungi that do not produce fruiting bodies?

1.Saccharomycetes
2.Pneumocystidiomycetes
3.Basidiomycetes
4.Euascomycetes
5.Mucormycetes

A

2

103
Q

Which classification of diseases is typically found in specific geographical locations?

1.Opportunistic Mycoses
2.Subcutaneous Mycoses
3.Cutaneous Mycoses
4.Endemic Mycoses
5.Human Mycoses

A

4

104
Q

What type of mycoses primarily affects individuals with weakened immune systems?

1.Cutaneous Mycoses
2.Subcutaneous Mycoses
3.Endemic Mycoses
4.Opportunistic Mycoses
5.Human Mycoses

A

4

105
Q

Which of the following is NOT a classification of fungal agents listed in the image?

1.Saccharomycetes
2.Euascomycetes
3.Basidiomycetes
4.Mycobacteriaceae
5.Pneumocystidiomycetes

A

4

106
Q

Which classification of fungal diseases involves infections of the skin, hair, and nails?

1.Subcutaneous Mycoses
2.Endemic Mycoses
3.Opportunistic Mycoses
4.Cutaneous Mycoses
5.Human Mycoses

A

4

107
Q

What is the main characteristic of Basidiomycetes?

1.They produce fruiting bodies known as basidia.
2.They are former Zygomycetes.
3.They cause subcutaneous infections.
4.They are primarily yeast-like.
5.They do not produce spores.

A

1

108
Q

Which fungal classification includes agents that cause widespread infections in immunocompromised individuals?

1.Saccharomycetes
2.Euascomycetes
3Basidiomycetes
4.Opportunistic Mycoses
5.Endemic Mycoses

A

4.

109
Q

Which group of fungal agents includes the fungi responsible for common yeast infections?

1.Basidiomycetes
2.Euascomycetes
3.Mucormycetes
4.Saccharomycetes
5.Pneumocystidiomycetes

A

4

110
Q

Which fungal disease classification includes infections caused by fungi that naturally inhabit soil and decaying matter?

1.Opportunistic Mycoses
2.Cutaneous Mycoses
3.Subcutaneous Mycoses
4.Endemic Mycoses
5.Human Mycoses

A

3

111
Q

Which type of mycoses is limited to the outermost layers of the skin and hair?

1.Cutaneous mycoses
2.Subcutaneous mycoses
3.Systemic mycoses
4.Superficial mycoses
5.Endemic mycoses

A

4

112
Q

What type of infection involves penetration significantly beneath the skin?

1.Cutaneous mycoses
2.Subcutaneous mycoses
3.Systemic mycoses
4.Superficial mycoses
5.Opportunistic mycoses

A

2

113
Q

Which term describes an infection that is deep within the body or disseminated to internal organs?

Cutaneous mycoses
Subcutaneous mycoses
Systemic mycoses
Superficial mycoses
Endemic mycoses

A

3

114
Q

Who is recognized as the “savior of mothers” for his principle of sterilization and disinfection?

Louis Pasteur
Robert Koch
Ignaz Semmelweis
Joseph Lister
Alexander Fleming

A

3

115
Q

What is the primary goal of sterilization?

To inhibit microbial growth
To destroy all microbial forms using physical or chemical agents
To kill only pathogenic bacteria
To disinfect non-living objects
To prevent contamination during surgery

A

2

116
Q

Which term describes the destruction of most pathogenic microorganisms on non-living objects?

Sterilization
Antisepsis
Disinfection
Aseptic technique
Bacteriostasis

A

3

117
Q

What is an antiseptic?

A chemical agent that kills all microbial pathogens
A chemical agent of disinfection mild enough to be used on human skin or tissues
A physical procedure to sterilize medical instruments
An agent that prevents microbial contamination
A substance used to kill bacterial spores

A

2

118
Q

Which type of disinfectant kills all microbial pathogens except large numbers of bacterial spores?

Low-level disinfectant
High-level disinfectant
Intermediate-level disinfectant
Antiseptic
Bacteriostatic agent

A

2

119
Q

What is the definition of sepsis?

A mild infection
An overwhelming and life-threatening response to infection leading to tissue damage, organ failure, and death
A localized skin infection
The growth of bacteria in a sterile environment
A minor bacterial contamination

A

2

120
Q

Which term refers to the use of chemical agents on living tissue to inhibit or eliminate microbes without sporicidal action?

Disinfection
Sterilization
Antisepsis
Aseptic technique
Bactericidal action

A

3

121
Q

What is the role of aseptic techniques in surgery?

To kill all microbes on surgical instruments
To prevent contamination of surgical instruments, medical personnel, and the patient
To sterilize non-living objects
To inhibit bacterial growth
To disinfect wounds

A

2

122
Q

What are germicides?

Chemical agents that kill bacteria but allow spores to survive
Agents capable of killing microbes, with spores possibly surviving
Substances that inhibit microbial growth without killing
Agents used exclusively on living tissues
Agents that only kill bacterial spores

A

2

123
Q

What is a sporicide?

A chemical that inhibits bacterial growth
An agent that kills bacterial spores
A substance that disinfects non-living objects
An antiseptic used on human tissues
A low-level disinfectant

A

2

124
Q

Which agent specifically destroys bacteria?

Bacteriostatic agent
Bactericidal agent
Antiseptic
Germicide
Sporicidal agent

A

2

125
Q

Which agent inhibits the growth and reproduction of bacteria without killing them?

Bactericidal agent
Germicide
Bacteriostatic agent
Sporicide
Antiseptic

A

3

126
Q

What does a high-level disinfectant kill?

All microbial pathogens except large numbers of bacterial spores
Only vegetative bacteria and lipid-enveloped viruses
Most vegetative bacteria and medium-sized viruses
All bacterial spores
Only non-pathogenic microbes

A

1

127
Q

What does an intermediate-level disinfectant kill?

All microbial pathogens except large numbers of bacterial spores
Most vegetative bacteria and lipid-enveloped viruses
Only non-pathogenic bacteria
All bacterial spores
Only fungi and viruses

A

1

128
Q

What does a low-level disinfectant kill?

All microbial pathogens including bacterial spores
Most vegetative bacteria and lipid-enveloped or medium-sized viruses
Only fungi and viruses
Only non-pathogenic bacteria
All microbial pathogens except fungi

A

2

129
Q

What is the primary goal of antisepsis?

To kill all microbial pathogens
To sterilize non-living objects
To inhibit or eliminate microbes on skin or other living tissue
To disinfect surgical instruments
To prevent contamination during surgery

A

3

130
Q

What is the definition of aseptic techniques?

Use of chemical agents to kill all microbes
Procedures used to prevent contamination during surgery
Use of physical methods to sterilize instruments
Application of antiseptics on living tissues
Methods to disinfect environmental surfaces

A

2

Micro Biology (7 decks)

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