Classification of tumours

Question 1

Define:
- Neoplasia, Metaplasia, Dysplasia
- Tumour Parenchyma and Stroma,
-carcinoma, -sarcoma
- Hamartoma, Choristoma, Differentiation

Question 2

How are tumours classified?

Answer 2

growth patterns

e.g. solid/cystic, annular, fungating, scirrhous, encephaloid, colloid, mucoid

Question 3

What does the epidemiology of cancer look at?

Name the 5 most common cancers

Answer 3

Frequency, distribution, determinants in a specific population

lung, breast, bowel, prostate ,stomach

Question 4

How do neoplasms develop?

Answer 4

neoplasm is disordered cell growth and is fundamentally due to non-lethal genetic damage (DNA mutation)

carcinogenesis is a multi-step process - genetic and phenotypic levels with the accumulation of mutations over time

malignant characteristics (phenotypic attributes) are acquired in a stepwise fashion (’tumour progression’ with tendency to become more aggressive over time)

Question 5

What are 4 principle targets of genetic damage? Name examples of each

Question 6

Describe the macroscopic and microscopic features of benign neoplasms

Question 7

Describe the macroscopic and microscopic features of malignant neoplasms

Question 8

Name examples of benign and malignant epithelial neoplasms

Question 9

Describe glandular epithelium

Question 10

Name examples of benign and malignant non-epithelial neoplasms

Question 11

Differentiate between benign and malignant tumours arising from vessels and surface coverings