Classification of Consonants part 2 Flashcards
obstruents
stops
fricatives
affricates
stops/plosives
complete obstruction of airflow
(p, b, t, d, k, g)
fricatives
partial blockage of airflow
continuous airflow
(th (voiced/voiceless), s, f, v, sh, z, h, zh)
affricates
stop and then continuous airflow
(ch, j)
approximants
articulators approach each other but no significant turbulence is created
laterals, liquids, glides
laterals
airflows laterally around both sides of tongue
liquids
little or no friction occurs
l, r
glides
provide rapid transition to the vowel
j, w
nasals
made with sound passing through and out of nasal cavity
m,n, ing
distinctive feature theory
set of universal phonetic features that are present or absent
vocalic/nonvocalic
minimal oral cavity constriction
consonantal/nonconsonantal
obstruction in midline region of vocal tract
sonorant
open vocal tract
coronal
neutral or non neutral position of tongue
anterior
obstruction in front of that necessary for sh or behind location
rhotic
with influence of r
high
body of tongue above neutral schwa
low
body of tongue below neutral shwa
back
tongue position back from neutral schwa
rounded
lip pursing
distributed/nondistributed
degree of contact during constriction ch vs t
nasal
airflow through nasal cavity
lateral
airflow around sides of tongue
continuant
incomplete contraction of airflow
tense
muscle contraction in root of tongue
strident/nonstrident
degree of noise
distinctive features of vowels
vocalic, sonorant, rhotic, advanced, front, high, low, rounded, tensed, voiced
aspiration/nonaspiration
exhalation of air with sound
pot vs spot
