Classification of Consonants part 2

Question 1

obstruents

Answer 1

stops
fricatives
affricates

Question 2

stops/plosives

Answer 2

complete obstruction of airflow
(p, b, t, d, k, g)

Question 3

fricatives

Answer 3

partial blockage of airflow
continuous airflow
(th (voiced/voiceless), s, f, v, sh, z, h, zh)

Question 4

affricates

Answer 4

stop and then continuous airflow
(ch, j)

Question 5

approximants

Answer 5

articulators approach each other but no significant turbulence is created
laterals, liquids, glides

Question 6

laterals

Answer 6

airflows laterally around both sides of tongue

Question 7

liquids

Answer 7

little or no friction occurs
l, r

Question 8

glides

Answer 8

provide rapid transition to the vowel
j, w

Question 9

nasals

Answer 9

made with sound passing through and out of nasal cavity
m,n, ing

Question 10

distinctive feature theory

Answer 10

set of universal phonetic features that are present or absent

Question 11

vocalic/nonvocalic

Answer 11

minimal oral cavity constriction

Question 12

consonantal/nonconsonantal

Answer 12

obstruction in midline region of vocal tract

Question 13

sonorant

Answer 13

open vocal tract

Question 14

coronal

Answer 14

neutral or non neutral position of tongue

Question 15

anterior

Answer 15

obstruction in front of that necessary for sh or behind location

Question 16

rhotic

Answer 16

with influence of r

Question 17

high

Answer 17

body of tongue above neutral schwa

Question 18

low

Answer 18

body of tongue below neutral shwa

Question 19

back

Answer 19

tongue position back from neutral schwa

Question 20

rounded

Answer 20

lip pursing

Question 21

distributed/nondistributed

Answer 21

degree of contact during constriction ch vs t

Question 22

nasal

Answer 22

airflow through nasal cavity

Question 23

lateral

Answer 23

airflow around sides of tongue

Question 24

continuant

Answer 24

incomplete contraction of airflow

Question 25

tense

Answer 25

muscle contraction in root of tongue

Question 26

strident/nonstrident

Answer 26

degree of noise

Question 27

distinctive features of vowels

Answer 27

vocalic, sonorant, rhotic, advanced, front, high, low, rounded, tensed, voiced

Question 28

aspiration/nonaspiration

Answer 28

exhalation of air with sound
pot vs spot