Classification & Evolution Flashcards
Two PROBLEMS with using COMMON NAMES to name species
- The same species can have a different
common name in different places - Different species can have the same
common name
Carl Linnaeus introduced ..
LINNAEAN CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM:
DOMAIN ~ Archaea, Eubacteria, & Eukaryotae
KINGDOM ~ Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Protoctista
PHYLUM ~ organisms with the same body plan
CLASS ~ organisms with the same general traits
ORDER ~ Herbivora, Carnivora, Omnivore
FAMILY ~ a group of closely related genera
GENUS ~ a group of closely related species
SPECIES ~ a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce live, fertile offspring
( Do Keep Pond Clean Or Frogs Die)
Taxonomic System
In the Linnaeus classification system, each organism is based on a number of different groups ~ TAXONOMIC GROUPS
- Each individual group ~ TAXON
- Together ~ TAXA
- HIERARCHICAL ~ broadest group at the top and the most specific at the bottom.
5 Kingdom System
- Prokaryotae
- Animalia
- Plantae (These 4 are all EUKAROTES)
- Fungi
- Protoctista
Kingdom ~ Prokaryotae
- Unicellular organisms
- No nucleus
- No membrane bound organelles
- DNA forms a circular loop and is not
bound to histone proteins - Small 70s ribosomes
- Obtain nutrients by absorption or photosynthesis
Kingdom ~ Animals
- Multicellular organisms
- HETEROTROPHIC ~ get their nutrients by ingesting other organisms
- MOVEMENT ~ protein contraction e.g muscles , or cilia e.g wafting dust out of lungs
Kingdom ~ Plants
- Multicellular
- AUTOTROPHIC ~synthesise their own food by photosynthesis
- Most cannot move, but a few can, e.g venus fly trap
Kingdom ~ Fungi
- Multicellular or unicellular
- HYPHAE ~ fine threads , forming a largr mass ~ MYCELIUM
- CANNOT MOVE or photosynthesis
- SAPROTROPHIC ~ absorb nutrients from around them, often decaying matter
- Use GLYCOGEN as a storage form of gucose
Kingdom ~ Protoctista
- DIVERSE kingdom containing organisms that do not fit into any of the other kingdoms
Can be:
- UNICELLULAR or MULTICELLULAR
- HETEROTROPHIC , e.g amoeba
- AUTOTROPHIC , e.g euglena
- PARASITES , e.g giardia
MOVEMENT ~ can move by cilia or flagella, some have not active mechanism
Carl Woese proposed …
New taxonomic group ~ DOMAIN
BACTERIA ~ eubacteria
ARCHAEA ~ archaebacteria
EUKARYA ~ animalia , plantae, fungi & Protoctista
