Classification and Evolution

Question 1

What are the causes of variation?

Answer 1

Genetic Material
differences in the genetic material an organism inherits leading to genetic variation

Environmental
where the organism lives, leading to environmental variation

Question 2

Explain the 2 types of variation?

Answer 2

INTERspesficic
variation between the members of a different species

INTRAspecific
differences between organisms within a species

Question 3

What is Comparative biochemistry?

Answer 3

The study of similarities and differneces between the proteins and other molecules

Question 4

What can comparative biochemistry tell us?

Answer 4

identify evolutionary links

identify common ancestors

Question 5

What evidence can be provided by fossil records?

Answer 5

That the simplest organisms are found in the oldest rocks, and vertebras are founds in the most recent rocks.

Similarities in anatomy shows how closely related organism are.

provided evidence of relationships between living and dead organisms

Question 6

What is a limitation with fossil records?

Answer 6

Many organisms are soft bodied so decompose.

Conditions for fossiliation are not often present.

Fossils can be destroyed by earths crust moving.

Question 7

Protoctista features:

Answer 7

(mainly) unicellular

nucleus and membrane organelles

some have chloroplasts

autotrophic

heterotrophic

parasitic

Question 8

Fungi features:

Answer 8

unicellular/ multicellular

nucleus and membrane bounds organelles

cell wall (chitin)

no chloroplasts/chlorophyl

saprophytic feeders

store food as glycogen

Question 9

Animalia features:

Answer 9

Multicellular

nucleus and membrane bound organelles

no chloroplasts

move with cilia

Heterotrophic

store food as glycogen

Question 10

Plantea features:

Answer 10

multicellular

contain chlorophyll

store food as starch

nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Question 11

What are the 5 kingdoms?

Answer 11

prokaryote

protoctista

fungi

plantea

animalia

Question 12

continuous variation

Answer 12

controlled by genes

influenced by environmental factors

Question 13

Examples of continuous variation:

Answer 13

height

weight

Question 14

Examples of Discontinuous variation

Answer 14

sex

shape of bacteria

human blood groups

Question 15

How can alleles cause genetic variations?

Answer 15

genes have different alleles produced different effects

individuals in a species population might inherit different alleles of a gene

Question 16

How can mutations cause genetic variation?

Answer 16

changes in DNA sequence can affect the alleles of a gene, which can change physical and metabolic characteristics

Question 17

How can meiosis cause genetic variation?

Answer 17

independent assortment and crossing over

Question 18

How can chance cause genetic variation?

Answer 18

Random fertilisation, individuals produced are different from siblings

Question 19

Other than fossils, describe other types of evidence that supports the theory of evolution?

Answer 19

s/d in genes (biochemistry)

s/d in bases orders

s/d in haemoglobin

s/d in order of amino acids

Question 20

What are the advantages of phylogenetic classification?

Answer 20

provides a continuose tree

confirms classification groups are correct

Question 21

What is phylogeny?

Answer 21

evolutionary relationships between organisms

Question 22

What is comparative anatomy?

Answer 22

Study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of speies

Question 23

What are homologous structures?

Answer 23

Structures that are superficially different in different organisms, but has the same structures.

They provides evidence for divergent evolution

Question 24

What Is divergent evolution?

Answer 24

Describes how from a common ancestor different species have evolved with different adaptive features.