Classification and Biodiversity Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms?

A
  1. Prokaryotae
  2. Protoctista
  3. Fungi
  4. Plantae
  5. Animalia
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2
Q

What is an autotroph?

A

An organism that can make food from inorganic substances

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3
Q

What is a Heteroph?

A

Organisms that use organic food sources

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4
Q

What are the 3 Domains?

A
  1. Archaea
  2. Bacteria
  3. Eukarya
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5
Q

Define Classification

A

The organisation of living organisms into groups according to their shared similarities and differences

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6
Q

Define Taxonomy

A

The study of the principles behind classification

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7
Q

Why do we study?

A

To make the study of living organisms more manageable, to support ideas of evolution, to allow scientists to communicate with each other.

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8
Q

What is the Phylogenetic Hierachy?

A

The modern classification system

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9
Q

What is a Hierachy?

A

Where a large group of items (in this case organisms) is split into smaller and smaller groups.

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10
Q

What is meant by Phylogenetic?

A

The organisms are grouped to reflect their evolutionary relatedness.

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11
Q

What is the 7 taxa groups in order (largest to smallest)?

A
  1. Kingdom
  2. Phylum
  3. Class
  4. Order
  5. Family
  6. Genus
  7. Species
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12
Q

Define Species

A

A group of organisms that can interbreed under natural conditions to produce natural offsrping

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13
Q

What is the latin naming system and how does it work?

A

Binomials, made of Genus-species.

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14
Q

Why are virus’ not included in the 5 kingdom classification system?

A

They do not carry out life processes on their own

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15
Q

What do taxonomists use to group organisms?

A

Similarities and Differences

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16
Q

Define Morphology

A

The structure of organisms (outward appearance and internal structure)

17
Q

Define Biochemical methods

A

Molecules within organisms; DNA and protein sequences, rRNA structure, cell wall biochemistry etc.

18
Q

Define Homologous structures

A

Body parts that are structurally similar even though they are used for different functions

19
Q

Define Analagous structures

A

Body parts that are structurally different but used for similar functions

20
Q

What are biochemical methods used for?

A

Comparing certain molecules across different species to see how similar or different their structures are.

21
Q

What are 4 causes of decreasing biodiversity?

A
  1. Habitat destruction
  2. Over fishing
  3. Misuse of land
  4. Pollution
22
Q

What is Simpson’s index equation?

A

1 - [Σn(n-1)/ N(N-1) ]

23
Q

What does low levels of biodiversity suggest?

A
  1. Dominance by few/ one species
  2. A change in one species can effect a whole habitat
  3. Unstable habitat