classification and biodiversity Flashcards
what are analogous structures
structures that have evolved from different structures for the same function
what are homologous structures
structures that have evolved from the same structure for different functions
what are features of the prokaryotae kingdom
no membrane bound organelles
lack a nuclear envelope
what are features of plantae kingdom
photosynthetic cell wall made of cellulose
multicellular
what are features of the protoctista kingdom
no tissue differentiation
single celled organisms
what are features of the fungi kingdom
heterotrophic
chitin cell wall
what are features of the animalia kingdom
nervous coordination
no cell wall
what is the morphological defintion of a species
if 2 organisms look similiar then they are in the same species
what is the reproductive definition of species
if 2 organisms can interbreed to produce fertile offspring then they are in the same species
what is biodiversity
the number of species and the number of individuals of each species in a given environment
what factors can affect biodiversity over time
natural selection
human influence
sucession
how does succession affect variation
community of organisms changes its habitat to be better suited for other species
how does natural selection affect variation over time
generates and changes biodiversity
how can biodiversity be asessed at a molecular level
dna fingerprinting or sequencing
What is an SNP
single nucleotide polymorphism
1 base sequence differs
what are HVR and STR
hyper variable regions and short tandem repeats
regions of dna that vary by 20-40 base sequences
what is the process of natural selection
differences in DNA leading to physical change
some more suited to environment than others and compete for resources
survive better and have offspring which receive the allelles passed on
what are the 3 types of adaptation
physiological
anatomical
behavioural
what is an example of an anatomical trait
dolphins and sharks with streamlined bodies
what is an example of a behavioural trait
mating rituals e.g peacocks showing their tail feathers
what is an example of a physiological trait
leaves fall of deciduous plants in autumn so they dont lose water through transpiration
