Classification Flashcards
What is environmental variation?
Variation caused by the influences of the environment, e.g climate, diet, accidents, culture and lifestyle.
What is a genotype?
The alleles that an organism inherits, it can affect the Phenotype
What is a phenotype?
What an organism looks like
What is an allele?
Different forms of the same gene
What are the two types of allele?
Dominant
Recessive
Where is genetic material found in a cells?
Nucleus
What do chromosomes do?
Carry genetic information
How many matching pairs of chromosomes do human body cells have?
23
What does homozygous mean?
Individuals carry two identical alleles
BB, bb
What does heterozygous mean?
Individuals carry two different alleles
State the 5 kingdoms
Animal Plant Fungi Prokaryotes Protocists
Which species are hard to classify
Birds with wings
What are the 5 classes of vertebrate?
Bird Reptile Amphibian Mammal Fish
In a punnet square, if there it is Dd, what is the outcome?
Dominant allele
In a punnet square, if there it is dd, what is the outcome?
Recessive
How do we work out inheritance?
Punnet squares
In an inheritance six marker, what do you have to include?
Draw a punnet square
Draw a key
Explain the outcome and why (refer to dominant and recessive)
If the person will then carry the recessive gene
What is genetic variation?
Variation caused as a result of mutation or sexual reproduction - inherited, e.g eye colour
What are the key points of the theory of evolution by natural selection?
Individuals in a species show a wide range of variation.
This variation is because of differences in genes.
Individuals with characteristics most suited to the environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.
The genes that allowed the individuals to be successful are passed to the offspring in the next generation.
Name two types of genetic illnesses
Cystic Fibrosis
Sickle cell anemia
What is speciation?
Over a long period of time, one species become two by variation, because the one species has become so different, the two species cannot breed with each other
Suggest how the size and shape of their beaks enabled all of these types of finches to survive.
different beak sizes enable different finches to feed on different food types,
Causing less competition between species
Suggest how these species of finches could have evolved.
variation between species/ beak sizes/ shapes due to mutation, competition for resources
Survival of the fittest,
Those who survive pass their genes onto their offspring
This is natural selection
Explain why the dodo was placed in the kingdom Animalia.
The dodo was multicellular
The dodo fed on other organisms
The dodo was classified as a chordate.
Using the information in the photograph, explain why scientists classified the dodo into the phylum Chordata.
has a (supporting) rod / spinal cord
The binomial name for the dodo is Raphus cucullatus.
The name Raphus refers to the dodo’s …
Genus
The dodo lived on the small island of Mauritius. It became extinct in 1681.
Using your knowledge of natural selection, suggest why the dodo may have become extinct.
Predation / disease
change in environmental conditions
loss of food source / reduced food source
increased competition
limited adaptations / survival of the fittest
unable to reproduce / reproduce less
The formation of a new species due to geographical isolation is called…
Speciation
What is geographical isolation?
The separation of two populations of the same species or breeding group by a physical barrier, such as a mountain or body of water.
Describe the causes of variation in a population.
Genetic variation
Environmental variation
Mutation
How do Fungi feed?
Saprophytically - feed off dead organisms
How do reptiles control their internal environment?
They are classed as poikilotherms, they cannot control their body temperature so have to use their environment e.g the sun/ shade
How do mammals control their internal environment?
Mammals are homeotherms so can can control their internal environment, using thermoregulation
Out of the 5 kingdoms, which are multicellular with a nucleus?
Protocists
Viruses are not classified into any of the five kingdoms.
Suggest reasons for this.
Viruses are non living, need a host to live
What organisms are multicellular?
Animals
Plants
Fungi
What organisms are singular celled?
Protoctists
Prokaryotes
Give an example of a protoctist
Algae
Give an example of a prokaryote?
Bacteria
Which organisms do not have a nucleus?
Prokaryotes
What are the three main things scientists divide the vertebrates by?
How they breathe - lungs (birds), gills (fish), skin (amphibians)
How they reproduce - oviparous (eggs), viviparous (live young)
How they regulate their internal environment - homeotherms (warm blooded, can control), poikilotherms (cold blooded, cannot control)