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Biology > Classification > Flashcards

Classification Flashcards

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1
Q

What is environmental variation?

A

Variation caused by the influences of the environment, e.g climate, diet, accidents, culture and lifestyle.

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2
Q

What is a genotype?

A

The alleles that an organism inherits, it can affect the Phenotype

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3
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

What an organism looks like

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4
Q

What is an allele?

A

Different forms of the same gene

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5
Q

What are the two types of allele?

A

Dominant

Recessive

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6
Q

Where is genetic material found in a cells?

A

Nucleus

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7
Q

What do chromosomes do?

A

Carry genetic information

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8
Q

How many matching pairs of chromosomes do human body cells have?

A

23

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9
Q

What does homozygous mean?

A

Individuals carry two identical alleles

BB, bb

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10
Q

What does heterozygous mean?

A

Individuals carry two different alleles

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11
Q

State the 5 kingdoms

A 
Animal
Plant
Fungi
Prokaryotes
Protocists
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12
Q

Which species are hard to classify

A

Birds with wings

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13
Q

What are the 5 classes of vertebrate?

A 
Bird
Reptile
Amphibian
Mammal
Fish
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14
Q

In a punnet square, if there it is Dd, what is the outcome?

A

Dominant allele

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15
Q

In a punnet square, if there it is dd, what is the outcome?

A

Recessive

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16
Q

How do we work out inheritance?

A

Punnet squares

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17
Q

In an inheritance six marker, what do you have to include?

A

Draw a punnet square
Draw a key
Explain the outcome and why (refer to dominant and recessive)
If the person will then carry the recessive gene

18
Q

What is genetic variation?

A

Variation caused as a result of mutation or sexual reproduction - inherited, e.g eye colour

19
Q

What are the key points of the theory of evolution by natural selection?

A

Individuals in a species show a wide range of variation.
This variation is because of differences in genes.
Individuals with characteristics most suited to the environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.
The genes that allowed the individuals to be successful are passed to the offspring in the next generation.

20
Q

Name two types of genetic illnesses

A

Cystic Fibrosis

Sickle cell anemia

21
Q

What is speciation?

A

Over a long period of time, one species become two by variation, because the one species has become so different, the two species cannot breed with each other

22
Q

Suggest how the size and shape of their beaks enabled all of these types of finches to survive.

A

different beak sizes enable different finches to feed on different food types,
Causing less competition between species

23
Q

Suggest how these species of finches could have evolved.

A

variation between species/ beak sizes/ shapes due to mutation, competition for resources
Survival of the fittest,
Those who survive pass their genes onto their offspring
This is natural selection

24
Q

Explain why the dodo was placed in the kingdom Animalia.

A

The dodo was multicellular

The dodo fed on other organisms

25
Q

The dodo was classified as a chordate.

Using the information in the photograph, explain why scientists classified the dodo into the phylum Chordata.

A

has a (supporting) rod / spinal cord

26
Q

The binomial name for the dodo is Raphus cucullatus.

The name Raphus refers to the dodo’s …

A

Genus

27
Q

The dodo lived on the small island of Mauritius. It became extinct in 1681.
Using your knowledge of natural selection, suggest why the dodo may have become extinct.

A

Predation / disease
change in environmental conditions
loss of food source / reduced food source
increased competition
limited adaptations / survival of the fittest
unable to reproduce / reproduce less

28
Q

The formation of a new species due to geographical isolation is called…

A

Speciation

29
Q

What is geographical isolation?

A

The separation of two populations of the same species or breeding group by a physical barrier, such as a mountain or body of water.

30
Q

Describe the causes of variation in a population.

A

Genetic variation
Environmental variation
Mutation

31
Q

How do Fungi feed?

A

Saprophytically - feed off dead organisms

32
Q

How do reptiles control their internal environment?

A

They are classed as poikilotherms, they cannot control their body temperature so have to use their environment e.g the sun/ shade

33
Q

How do mammals control their internal environment?

A

Mammals are homeotherms so can can control their internal environment, using thermoregulation

34
Q

Out of the 5 kingdoms, which are multicellular with a nucleus?

A

Protocists

35
Q

Viruses are not classified into any of the five kingdoms.

Suggest reasons for this.

A

Viruses are non living, need a host to live

36
Q

What organisms are multicellular?

A

Animals
Plants
Fungi

37
Q

What organisms are singular celled?

A

Protoctists

Prokaryotes

38
Q

Give an example of a protoctist

A

Algae

39
Q

Give an example of a prokaryote?

A

Bacteria

40
Q

Which organisms do not have a nucleus?

A

Prokaryotes

41
Q

What are the three main things scientists divide the vertebrates by?

A

How they breathe - lungs (birds), gills (fish), skin (amphibians)
How they reproduce - oviparous (eggs), viviparous (live young)
How they regulate their internal environment - homeotherms (warm blooded, can control), poikilotherms (cold blooded, cannot control)

Biology (7 decks)

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