B1 Topic 2 Homeostasis

Question 1

Definition of osmoregulation

Answer 1

The control of water in your body

Question 2

What is glucose control?

Answer 2

It controls how much insulin or glucagon you have

Question 3

What does glucagon do?

Answer 3

Glucagon causes the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose

Question 4

Definition of homeostasis

Answer 4

The regulation of your internal environment

Question 6

How do we lose water?

Answer 6

Sweating
Urinating
Breathing

Question 7

What happens if you have too much water?

Answer 7

The kidneys produce more urine

Question 8

What happens if you have too little water?

Answer 8

Your kidneys don’t produce urine, brain makes you feel thirsty

Question 9

What is temperature controlled by in the brain?

Answer 9

The Hyptohalamus

Question 10

What is thermoregulation an example of?

Answer 10

Negative feedback

Question 11

What is negative feedback?

Answer 11

Where our body does the opposite to what it is feeling

Question 12

What is the reflex arc?

Answer 12

A nerve pathway

Question 13

What is the prompt to remember the reflex arc?

Answer 13

Smelly
Rectum
Smelly
Smelly
Rectum
Smelly
Men
Eat
Rectum

Question 14

What order is the reflex arc?

Answer 14

Stimuli 
Receptor
Sensory neurone
Synapse
Relay neurone
Synapse
Motor neurone 
Effector
Response

Question 15

What is a synapse?

Answer 15

A junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter.
Electric-chemical-electric

Question 16

Explain how a Type 2 diabetic can regulate their blood glucose concentration

Answer 16

Taking medication, including insulin
Exercise
Healthy diet

Question 17

what is excess blood glucose converted into?

Answer 17

Glycogen in the liver

Question 18

Explain how a Type 2 diabetic can regulate their blood glucose concentration

Answer 18

Taking medication, including insulin
Exercise
Healthy diet

Question 19

What temperature do enzymes work best at?

Answer 19

37 degrees

Question 20

Explain how the human body maintains a stable internal temperature when the
external temperature is 0 °C.

Answer 20

Hypothalamus detects temperature drop
Hairs on the skin trap more warmth if they are standing up
Your body shivers, friction= heat
Vaso-constriction - no blood flowing at surface
Sweat glands close, no further heat loss
Hypothalamus detects increase in temperature

Question 21

Describe one way in which the skin helps in the control of body temperature.

Answer 21

Sweat glands release water, which evaporates and takes the heat energy with it which cools the surface of the skin.
Erector muscles in the skin contract, causes the hair to trap heat

Question 22

Explain why humans need to maintain their body temperature at 37°C.

Answer 22

in order for the enzymes to be most effective / best /optimum temperature for enzymes to work
for chemical reactions to happen
at too high temperatures enzymes are denatured, at colder temperatures enzymes are less active

Question 23

What is vasodilation?

Answer 23

Where your blood vessels widen, more warm blood flows near the surface.

Question 24

What is Vasoconstriction?

Answer 24

Where your blood vessels are narrowed, less blood flows near the surface of the skin

Question 25

Explain how thermoregulation causes this reduction in body temperature.

Answer 25

The Hypothalamus in the brain controls temperature
The body sweats more, the sweat evaporates taking the heat with it
Vasodilation of blood vessels
Heat lost by radiation
This is called negative feedback

Question 26

Explain how exercise can cause body temperature to increase.

Answer 26

Muscles contract and relax, this causes friction which releases heat by respiration

Question 27

Receptor cells in the skin detect temperature changes in the external
environment.
Explain how this information is transmitted to the brain.

Answer 27

(travel along) sensory 
neurones 
  as electrical / electric impulses 
across synapses (gap between two neurones)
 using neurotransmitters   
reference to spinal cord

Question 28

What is the benefit of the myelin sheath?

Answer 28

It speeds up the signal

Insulates the nerves

Question 29

Describe what happens when your blood glucose levels are too high?

Answer 29

Pancreas releases insulin
Insulin travels to the liver
Tells liver to convert excess glucose into glycogen
Glucose levels return to normal

Question 30

Describe what happens when your blood glucose levels are too low?

Answer 30

Pancreas releases glucagon
Glucagon travels to the liver
Tells the liver to turn glycogen into glucose
Glucose levels return to normal

Question 31

What is insulin and glucagon an example of?

Answer 31

Hormone

Question 32

What happens if your blood glucose levels are too high?

Answer 32

Pancreas releases insulin
Insulin travels to the liver
Insulin causes the liver to turn excess glucose into glycogen
Glucose levels return to normal

Question 33

What happens if your blood glucose levels are too low?

Answer 33

Pancreas releases glucagon
Glucagon causes the liver to convert excess glycogen into glucose
Glucose levels return to normal