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A Level Biology - 4.2.2 Classification > Classification > Flashcards

Classification Flashcards

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1
Q

What is classification?

A

The process of sorting living things into groups and naming them and organisms are grouped according to how physically similar they are

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2
Q

What is the classification hierarchy?

A

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species

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3
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

Science of finding, describing, classifying and naming organisms including tidying the relationships between taxa and the principles underlying classification

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4
Q

What is phylogeny?

A

Study of how closely different species are related, reflecting evolutionary relationships between organisms and using DNA/RNA analysis to find out how closely related both extinct and extant species are

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5
Q

What is the effect of evolution?

A

A wide variety of organism with a common ancestry so they can be classified

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6
Q

What is the intention of classification?

A

Imposing a hierarchy on variety

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7
Q

What is the purpose of classification?

A

Identify species, predict characteristics and find evolutionary links

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8
Q

What is the purpose of using the same classification system worldwide?

A

Scientists can globally share their findings

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9
Q

What are the 3 domains?

A

Bacteria, archaea and eukaryotae

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10
Q

What are characteristics of bacteria?

A

Eubacteria, with 70s ribosomes and RNA polymerase contains 8-10 proteins

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of archaea?

A

Archaebacteria, with 70s ribosomes and RNA polymerase with 5 proteins

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12
Q

What are characteristics of eurkayrotae?

A

Eukaryotes, with 80s ribosomes and RNA polymerase as 10 proteins

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13
Q

What is the impact of the 3 domains?

A

Gives clarity as the technology today allows scientists to look at molecular differences and was devised by Woese

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14
Q

How did Woese group organism?

A

Sequence of nucleotides in the cell’s ribosomal RNA, differences in ribosome small subunit, lipid structure and presence of peptidoglycan in the cell wall

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15
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms?

A

Prokaryotae, protoctista, fungi, plantar and animal is

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16
Q

What are prokaryote?

A

2 types of bacteria

17
Q

What are characteristics of prokaryotes?

A

Prokaryotic cells, no nucleus, loop of naked DNA cell wall made of peptidoglycan, no membrane bound organelles, respiration on mesosomes, smaller ribosomes, cells are smaller than eukaryotes and may be free living or parasitic

18
Q

What are protoctista?

A

Eukaryotic cells

19
Q

What are characteristics of protoctista?

A

Mostly single celled, wide variety of forms, various plant-like features, mostly free-living, autotrophic of heterotrophic and dont qualifying for 4 other kingdoms

20
Q

What are fungi?

A

Eukaryotic cells

21
Q

What are characteristics of fungi?

A

Mycelium made of hyphae, chitin cell walls, cytoplasm not usually divided into cells, mostly free-living and saprophytic

22
Q

What are plantae?

A

Eukaryotic cells

23
Q

What are characteristics of plantae?

A

Multicellular, cellulose cell walls, produce multicellular embryos from fertilised eggs and autotrophs

24
Q

What are animalia?

A

Eukaryotes

25
Q

What are characteristics of animalia?

A

No cell walls, heterotrophic nutrition, fertilised eggs develop into a ball of cells called a blastula and usually able to move around

26
Q

How do you group organisms?

A
  1. Study characteristics to look for common features
  2. Refine groupings until reach species level
  3. Groups are called taxa
27
Q

How were species originally identified?

A

Long descriptions or common names

28
Q

What were issues with past species identification?

A

Descriptions vary so must be long too accurately distinguish and common names are different n different countries so translation may lead to mistakes

29
Q

How do you name an organism?

A

Need capital letter for genus and low case for species, and species is either written in italics or underlined

30
Q

What are autotrophs?

A

Organism that make their own food, such as plants

31
Q

How do autotrophs feed?

A

Synthesise complex organic molecules from simple organic molecules using an external energy source

32
Q

What are heterotrophs?

A

Organism that eat other organism and cannot make their own food

33
Q

What are saprophytes?

A

Heterotrophs that feed on dead and decaying matter by breaking it down and absorbing the nutrients

A Level Biology - 4.2.2 Classification (9 decks)

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