classification Flashcards
what is classification?
process of ordering things into groups
state the order of the taxonomic rank
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, phylum, genus, species
what are the 3 domains?
archaea, eubacteria and eukaryotes
what are the 5 kingdoms?
plantae, Animalia, fungi, protoctista, prokaryote
why are eukaryotes more likely to evolve compared to prokaryotes ?
have non coding gaps in DNA sequence which allow for genes to be shuffled into many orders. prokaryotes are squished up so hard to shuffle
what are the rules of naming?
genus then species, genus must have a capital, species all lower case, abbreviated and underlined
H.sapien(underlined)
what are 3 advantages to the binomial naming system ?
1) names universal so all countries use same name which avoids confusion between languages
2)it means it is easy to identify organism
3) helps us see relationships between species
what are characteristics of Animalia?
eukaryote, multicellular, able to move, heterotrophic
what are characteristics of plantae?
eukaryote, multicellular, autotrophic, contain chlorophyll, cellulose cell wall
what are characteristics of fungi?
eukaryotic, unicellular (or have hyphae), mostly free living, walls made of chitin, cytoplasm that is multinucleate, saprophytic
what are characteristics of Protoctista?
eukaryotic, unicellular (apart from algae), free living, autotrophic or heterotrophic, show plant or animal like features
what are characteristics of prokaryotes?
no nucleas, no membrane bound organelles, smaller ribosomes, free living or parasitic, have naked DNA (not associated with histone proteins)
what is heterotrophic?
digest large molecules and turn these to smaller molecules for absorption
what is autotrophic?
absorb simple molecules and build up to larger ones
what is saprophytic?
causes decay
what is the phylogenetic definition of a species?
a group of individual organisms that are very similar in appearance, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and genetics
what is the niche of an organism ?
functional role it plays in the ecosystem
what Is convergent evolution?
when 2 unrelated species could look the same because of the way the environment shapes them
how are biological molecules evidence of evolution?
if the earliest living things had identical versions of the molecules then the differences are due to evolution. differences of the molecules between species reflect evolutionary relationships
if 2 organisms had similar biological molecules what does this suggest about their relationship ?
closely related, not evolved separately for long