Classical/Operant Conditioning

Question 1

Suppression

Answer 1

is the conscious process of not attending to memories that are available. For instance, a boy may refuse to attend to the time his cat died as it was sad.

Question 2

Repression

Answer 2

is the unconscious process of pushing painful or distressing memories to an inaccessible part of the mind and the person is unaware that those memories exist.

Question 3

Describe the functions of the central executive division of Baddeley and Hitch’s model of working memory.

Answer 3

It Combines and integrates information from the Phonological loop and the Visuospatial-Sketchpad.
Suppresses irrelevant information and helps to focus attention, it is also involved in decision making.

Question 4

In aversion therapy,

Answer 4

the individual learns to associate a feared response wiht an undesirable behaviour.

Question 5

Graduated exposure involves

Answer 5

gradually exposing an individual to the stimulus using successive approximations.

Question 6

Flooding is where a

Answer 6

client is brought into direct contact with the stimulus that causes them fear kept there until the CR is extinguished.

Question 7

Operant conditioning is a processes

Answer 7

by which the likelihood of a particular behaviour occurring is determined by the consequences of that behaviour. It deals with behaviours that are voluntary and that we can control.

Question 8

Trial and error learning is

Answer 8

we attempt different behaviours or trial different behaviours until the correct one is achieved.

Question 9

Positive reinforcer:

Answer 9

stimulus that strengthens or increases the likelihood of a response by a providing a pleasant consequence.

Question 10

Negative reinforcer:

Answer 10

any unpleasant stimulus that when reduced, removed strengthens or increases the likelihood of a desired response.

Question 11

A punishment is

Answer 11

any stimulus that is unpleasant and which generally decreases the likelihood of the behaviour recurring.

Question 12

Response cost is the

Answer 12

removal of something pleasant from the situation.

Question 13

Unconditioned Response is

Answer 13

an automatic response to an unconditioned stimulus.

Question 14

Unconditioned stimulus is

Answer 14

a stimulus that causes an UCR.

Question 15

Conditioned stimulus is

Answer 15

any neutral stimulus that is associated with an UCS, so it eventually produces a CR when presented alone through its association with the UCS.

Question 16

Conditioned response is

Answer 16

the learned response. Is produced by the CS in the absence of the UCS.

Question 17

Before Conditioning:

Answer 17

NS: (Bell) = No response
UCS: (Food) -> UCR (Salivation)

Question 18

During Conditioning:

Answer 18

NS (Bell) + UCS (Food) = UCR (Salivation)

Question 19

After Conditioning:

Answer 19

CS (Bell) = CR (Salivation)