Classical Conditioning Flashcards
What is a respondent behavior?
Behavior that is controlled by an antecedent stimulus. Includes both UR and CR
What is respondent/classical conditioning?
When a neutral stimulus (NS) is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US), it eventually elicits a response (CR) similar to the unconditioned response (UR). The NS then becomes a CS
Unconditioned vs conditioned reflexes?
Unconditioned
- inborn, unlearned, usually permanent
- universal
- varies little in members of a species
- UR to an US
Conditioned
- learned through experience, impermanent
- not universal
- varies between members
- CR to a CS
Timing of US and NS
- Trace conditioning: US after NS ends
- Delay conditioning: US before NS ends
- Simultaneous conditioning: US and NS at same time
- Backward conditioning: US before NS
What is higher order conditioning?
When a NS is paired with already established CS and NS becomes CS2
How do you extinguish conditioned responses?
Repeatedly present CS without US
Discrimination & Generalization of respondent behavior
- Discrimination: when CR is elicited by one/narrow range of CS
- Generalization: when CR is elicited by multiple/wide range of CS
Factors That Influence Respondent Conditioning
- Intensity and Salience of CS/US
- Timing of NS with CS
- Contingency of NS and US
- Number of pairings
- Previous exposure to CS without US
How to distinguish between operant and respondent conditioning
Operant
-bx is emitted as a result of the consequences of the bx
-voluntary, learned
-involves consequences that are contingent on bx
-outcome: bx occurs when SD present
Respondent
-bx is elicited in response to antecedent stimuli
-bodily responses that have biological basis
-involuntary
-involves pairing of two stimuli: NS and US
-outcome: CS from NS causes CR
Extinction in operant & respondent conditioning
-Respondent extinction occurs when the CS is no longer paired with the US. As a result, the CS no longer elicits the CR
-Extinction of an operant behavior occurs when the behavior no longer results in a reinforcing consequence and, as a result, the behavior stops occurring in the future.
What is conditioned suppression?
When an individual anticipates punishment, they stop behavior until punishment is over
What are conditioned reinforcers and punishers?
-NS paired with a reinforcer
-NS paired with a punisher
What are Fixed Action patterns?
-inherited/innate series of interrelated acts that involve whole body
-vary little from person to person
-elicited by releasers
