Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards
Anticentromere antibodies
Scleroderma (CREST)
Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
Goodpasture’s syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
Antihistone antibodies
Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)
Anti-IgG antibodies
Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
Vasculitis (c-ANCA: granulomatosis with polyangiitis [Wegener’s]; p-ANCA: microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss Syndrome)
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)
SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
Antiplatelet antibodies
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)
“Apple core” lesion on abdominal x-ray
Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)
Azurophilic peroxidase-positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)
Bacitracin response
Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A); resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)
“Bamboo spine” on x-ray
Anklosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
Basophilic stippling of RBCs
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
Bloody tap on LP
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
“Boot shaped” heart on x-ray
Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules
Actinomyces israelii
Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner’s syndrome
“Brown” tumor of bone
Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
Chaga’s disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
Cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
“Chocolate cyst” of ovary
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neutrophils
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic fibrosis (autosomal-recessive mutation in CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
Decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down Syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected)
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson’s disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann’s spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
“Owl’s eye” appearance of CMV
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
“Orphan Annie’s eyes” nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body (Parkinson’s disease)
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
Negri bodies of rabies (Lyssavirus)
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
Senile plaques (alzheimer’s disease)
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (“owl’s eye”)
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin’s lymphoma)