class two: normal gait Flashcards
what is a stride
one completed gait cycle
original foot comes back down again
3 feet
what is a step
one foot and then the next foot
2 feet
what is stance phase time versus swing phase time
60/40
what is the order of the rocker for amb
heel rocker
ankle rocker
forefoot rocker
when pt is in initial contact or using heel rocker what muscles are controlling that movement
anterior muscle
look at the line of force
when a pt is at toe off or using their forefoot rockers what muscle are being used
posterior muscle
look at the line of force
ROM at hip needed for normal gait: stance phase
0-30° flexion and 0 – 10-20° hyperextension
ROM at hip needed for normal gait: swing phase
20-30° flexion
ROM at knee needed for normal gait: stance
0-40° flexion
ROM at knee needed for normal gait: swing
0-60° flexion
ROM at ankle needed for normal gait: stance
0-10° DF, 0-20° PF
ROM at ankle needed for normal gait: swing
0-10° PF
pretibial muscles - Prior to and during heel strike
̶Eccentric contraction – Lowers foot to the ground
pretibial muscle - Prior to and during swing
̶Concentric contraction – Dorsiflexion, clear toes off ground
calf muscles - midstance
̶Eccentric contraction – Control of tibia over the foot
calf muscle - heel off
̶Concentric contraction – Ankle plantarflexion
what are the hip abd
TFL, glute med and glute min
hip abd during stance phase
̶Eccentric contraction – Stabilize pelvis
what are our hip add
Adductor longus/brevis, Gracilis, Adductor magnus (horizontal and
vertical heads)
hip add during early and later stance phase
̶Concentric contraction – Stabilize pelvis
quads - heel strike
̶Quadriceps femoris contracts eccentrically- Control rapid knee flexion and to prevent buckling
quads - pre swing
̶Eccentric contraction – Slow down leg (tibia)
hamstrings - heel strike
̶Eccentric contraction – Protects knee from hyperextension
hamstring - swing phase
̶Concentric contraction – Knee flexion
weak muscle when in stance
you are alway going to lean over the weak muscle
heel rockers - was muscle are workin
heel rocker - anterior muscles
foot rockers - was muscle are working at the end and what rocker is used
forefoot rocker - posterior mucles
hip flexor tightness will have what impact on step length
decreased step length on the other side
what muscle is used during ankle rocker
plantar flexors, working eccentrically to control the ankle dorsiflexion that occurs.
rockers and gait cycle - to clear my mind
heel - ecc DF
ankle - ecc PF
forefoot - con PF
What is the average walking velocity for normal gait?
3mph
what is a more forcefull contraction - eccentric on concerntric
Eccentric action is more intense than concentric action of a muscle
what control do the hamstring have during terminal swing
he hamstrings act eccentrically to decelerate knee extension in preparation for the placement of the foot on the ground.
significant (~30°) plantar flexion contracture will cause what of the following gait deviations
Shortened stride length
The forefoot is the only mode of support
Loss of forward progression
Which muscles function primarily to control the hip during stance phase of the gait cycle?
Abductors and Extensors
Hip Abductors work to stablize the pelvis during what phase of gait
stance
Hip Adductors work to stablize the pelvis during what phase of gait
Early and late stance
what is the function of the glute max and hamstrings during stance phase
work eccentrically to resist flexion moment and decelerate the leg
The main muscles that act at hip joint during the stance phase - are what
extensors and abductors
