class three: abnormal gait Flashcards
1 gait cycle is equal to what
1 stride length - 2 steps
gait deviations - tightness
early movement then expecteed
gait deviation - weakness
later movements then expected
early toe off in midstance what could be the issue
PF tightness (calf tight)
early toe off in midstance what could be the issue
hip flexion contracture
is knee valgus caused by weak abd or weak vastus medialis
weak hip abd
what is the role of the glute max in gait
used in initial stance phase
eccentric contraction - deccforward momentum
what is the role of the erector spinae in gait
heel strike through toe off
maintain trunk posture
what can cause a backward lean in stance phase of gait
weak hip extensor (lean over the weak muscle)
rigid hip flexion contracture - accommodation of this, this causes an anteior pelvic tilt and subsequent lordosis
swing phase - backward lean
weak hip flexors
stance phase - lateral trunk lean
weak hip abd
stance phase - forward trunk lean
weak hip flexors
stance phase - backward trunk lean
weak hip extensors
what is the function of the peronals during stance phase
maintain medial and lateral movement of the foot
foot instrics role during stance phase
concentric contraction support the plantar fascia
during giat what are the two main causes of knee hyperextension
Quad weakness
and
Excessive ankle PF
what is coxa vara
the angle of the femur - smaller <125
knock knees
forefoot valgus
collasped middle arch
towards the big toes
forefoot varus
collasped lateral arch
toward the little toe
what is genu valgum
knocked knees
knees touching each other
supination
IPAD
invers
PF
ADD
when does premature heel off occur
in stance
due to:
- terminal stance: hip flexion contracture
- midstance: tight PF
when does delayed heel contact occur
in stance
due to:
- weakness of DF
what is toe drag 2/2
weak DF
PF contracture
what is foot slap 2/2
weak DF - not controlling eccentrically
what happens when someone has excessive PF in gait
shortened stride length and reduced velocity
the higher the heels the slower you walk
what are the subs we can make for when we have excessive PF
premature heel off
knee hyper ext
forward trunk lean
genu valgum is associated with what foot posture
pes planus
subtalr pronation
do we see hip add or abd with genu valgum
hip add
what are the three subs for excessive PF during gait
premature heel off
knee hyperext
forward trunk lean
what phase of gait does premature heel off occur
midstance because you foot cannot go into enough DF
what is delayed heel contact 2/2
PF contracture
DF weak
what is toe drag 2/2
DF weak
PF contracture
what will happen at the knee with excessive DF
hyper flexion
Ipsilateral pelvic drop can occur due to what two factors
contralateral hip abductor weakness,
ipsilateral hip abductor contracture.
Dorsiflexors - act during what phases of stance
during the initial stance phase
action of dorsiflexors terminates at the end of loading response and the plantarflexors begin their action.
GRF line is anterior to the knee what does it produce
external knee extensor moment
GRF line is posterior to the knee what does it produce
produces an external knee flexor moment.
Which muscles are most important when looking to increase running velocity?
Hip extensors
extend the hips is the most important factor in determining sprinting speed
Foot angle, the amount of “toe-out,” - what is normal
5 to 7 degrees is considered average.
ntrinsic muscles of the foot are typically active - during what part of gait
mid stance to toe off
foot picture - fore foot valgus
toe segment. on the ground - knee into valgus
calcaneus inverted
foot picture - forefoot varus
toe segment - off the ground
f
