class 10: MSK back Flashcards
what is t score
bone density tests, representing how much a person’s bone density deviates from the average
how do we interpret t-score
–1 or higher, your bone is healthy.
–1 to –2.5, you have osteopenia, a less severe form of low bone mineral density than osteoporosis.
–2.5 or lower, you might have osteoporosis.
what back movement do we avoid if patient has osteoporosis
rot and flexion
what comprises the neural arch
pedicles and lamina
Spondylosis
Degeneration of intervertebral disc
Spondylolysis
Defect in pars interarticularis or the arch of the vertebra
Spondylolisthesis
Forward displacement of one vertebra over
another
Retrolisthesis
Backward displacement of one vertebra on
another
Spondylosis - pop
> 50 years old
spondy young
Spondylolysis - 15-20 years old
Spondylolisthesis - 20 years old. It can
progress to degenerative
spondylolisthesis with age
Spondylosis - location
Back
(unilateral)
all the spondy are relieved with what movement
sitting
all the spondy are aggravated with what movement
ext
relief with disc herniation and spinal stenosis
spinal stenosis - flexion
disc herniation - ext
scolio - cause
Genetic, idiopathic, caused by
some congenital problem
scolio - vert body
Vertebral bodies rotate to the
convexity of the curve
scolio - ribs on the convex side
̶Ribs pushed posteriorly on
convex side “rib hump”
scolio - SP
̶Spinous process deviates
toward the concave side
scolio - cave pelvis
high
scolio - cave tight or loose muscle
tight
scolio - cave rib anterior or posterior
anterior
scolio - cave vert height
A decrease in vertebral height
scolio - cave intercostal space
decreased
scolio - cave lung volume
decreases
Same as opening spinal terms
Gaping
Increased space
Upglide
Flexion
Same as closing spinal terms
Closing
Decreased space
Downglide
Extension
how do we increase flexion with PA glide
PA glide bilaterally on top vertebra to increase flexion (gapping)
Example: Apply a PA glide on C5 to increase flexion between C5-C6.
To open: Press on superior vertebra
how do we increase extension with PA glide
PA glide bilaterally on bottom vertebra to increase extension (closing)
Example: Apply a PA glide on C6 to increase extension between C5-C6.
- To close: Press on the inferior vertebra
c-spine, lumbar, and thoracic what direction are side bending and rotation
C and T: are in the same direction
lumbar: the side bending, and rotation occur in the opposite direction
Restriction - Bilateral restriction
Push on spinous process or bilateral transverse processes
Restriction - unilateral restriction
Push on unilateral transverse process
Spine level to mobilize: To open
Move top vertebra
Spine level to mobilize: To close
Move bottom vertebra
Spine level to Stabilize: To open
Stabilize bottom vertebra
Spine level to Stabilize: To close
Stabilize top vertebra
Arthrokinematics: Cervical/Thoracic
To open
Flexion, side bend away and rotate away
Arthrokinematics: Cervical/Thoracic
To close
Extension, side bend towards and rotate towards
Arthrokinematics: Lumbar
To open
Flexion, side bend away and rotate towards
Arthrokinematics: Lumbar
To close
Extension, side bend towards and rotate away
Scheuermann disease
Scheuermann kyphosis - hyperkyphosis
-juvenile kyphosis
gynmas
anterior wedging of greater than or equal to 5 degrees in 3 or more adjacent vertebral bodies
oswestry DI - numbers
-20% indicates minimal disability
21-40% represents moderate disability
41-60% is considered severe disability
what is quadrent testing for
facet joint
what is the stork standing test
spondy
what is the van gelderen
stenosis test
vascular vs neurogenic causes
what is gillets testing
SI joint issues
what is the position of vert art tests
bring neck into ext, lateral flexion, and rotation to the isperlateral side
do we have ER or IR of the tibia with antevresion
IR
for scoli what side is the muscle lengthened
the convex side
QL, erector spinae, external obliques,
for scoli what does lengthening of the muscle cause
weakness
for scoli what side does the shoe lift go on
side of vex
