class 11: pharm Flashcards by VB VB

Antiarrhythmic drugs +
Antihypertensives

B Blockers

Ca Channel Blockers

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Only Antihypertensives

Diuretics

ACE inhibitors

ARB blockers

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B-blockers end with what

lol

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what are the effect of b-blockers

Decrease HR and BP, bronchoconstriction.

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indication for b-blockers

Coronary artery disease (CAD), HTN, arrhythmia.

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b- blocker consideration

Use RPE for exercise prescription
Do NOT use in asthma, COPD
No abrupt withdrawal

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CA Channel Blockers: end with what

“-Pines and -Zems”

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CA Channel Blockers: used for what

CAD, HTN, arrhythmia.

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what is a adverse effect of both ca- blackers and beta blockers

orthostatic hypotension

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what is an example of a diuretic

Furosemide (Lasix)

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT)

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for what conditions are diuretics used - lasix

HTN, CHF, Edema, pulmonary edema.

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what is the highlighted side effects of diuretics - lasix

reflex tachycardia,

everything eles is hypo

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Spironolactone (Aldactone) - side effect

hyperkalemia,

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what is hyperkalemia,

a condition where there is too much potassium in your blood

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what is hypercapnia

Too much carbon dioxide ((CO_{2})) in the blood

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ACE Inhibitors end with what

“-Prils”

(Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril)

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ACE Inhibitors: side effect

hyperkalemia.
DRY HACKING COUGH,

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ARB Blockers: end with what

“SARTANS”

(Losartan, Telmisartan, Candesartan)

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ARB Blockers: side effect

HYPERKALEMIA.

Cardiac Glycosides: end with

oxin

Cardiac Glycosides function

Slows down the HR but increases the strength of contraction (increases CO).

Cardiac Glycosides: side effect

DIGOXIN TOXICITY

Arrhythmia, palpitations, fatigue, GI disturbances, visual disturbance,
hyperkalemia, confusion, delirium.

Nitrates – Nitroglycerin used for what condition

Angina Pectoris

how do we give doses - Nitrates

sublingually, 3 doses every 5 mins.

The patient must sit/lay when taking nitroglycerin. If there is no relief, the
patient may be having an MI. Call EMS.

are nitrates short term or long term drugs

short term beta or calcium blockers can be used long term

Anticoagulants: two names

Warfarin (Coumadin), Heparin

what is INR

measures how long it takes blood to clot.

what is a normal INR

Normal: 0.9-1.1

what INR is a contraindication to exercise

>4.0 increase in exercise routine may be contraindicated or modified; discuss with physician > 6.0 Bed rest till corrected

what are the Antiplatelets:

Aspirin, Clopidogrel

what are the side effects of Antiplatelets:

Peptic ulcers, gastritis, risk of internal bleeding.

Selective NSAIDS vs Non-selective NSAIDS

selective - Adverse cardiovascular effects > risk of MI, stroke nonselective - Gastric ulcers, bleeding, nausea, vomiting

what can overuse lead to Tylenol

Overuse causes liver damage leading to Jaundice, clay- colored stools. No more than 6 tablets (500mg) a day.

Opioids: examples

Morphine, Oxycodone, Hydrocodone, Fentanyl, Methadone

Benzodiazepines: end with what

pam or lam Diazepam (Valium), Clonazepam (Klonopin), Alprazolam (Xanax)

Benzodiazepines: used for what

Muscle spasms, anxiety, insomnia, alcohol withdrawal, acute epileptic attacks.

what are Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) use for

Reduce muscle spasms, myofascial pain syndrome, fibromyalgia.

what is myofascial pain syndrome

a chronic pain condition where pressure on specific points in muscles, called trigger points, causes localized pain that can sometimes radiate to other areas of the body no fatigue complaints referred pain

what is fibromyalgia

a chronic condition that causes pain and tenderness throughout the body. It can also cause fatigue, sleep issues, and problems with memory and mood. morning stiffness

Baclofen used for what

MS, SCI reduce muscle spasticity seen with spinal cord lesions

Botulinum Toxin (Botox): used for what

Works on CNS, blocks release of Acetylcholine Use: Muscle spasticity, seen with cerebral palsy.

what are the 3 Bronchodilator Drugs

Beta-2 agonists: Antimuscarinic: (Cholinergic): Corticosteroids:

Beta-2 agonists: end with what

rol/ol Short acting: Salbutamol, Albuterol (Ventolin) Long acting: Salmeterol, formoterol

Antimuscarinic: (Cholinergic): end with

pium Short acting: Ipratropium Long acting: Tiotropium

Corticosteroids: end with

solone Budesonide, prednisolone

Antibacterial Drugs - examples

Penicillin, Cephalosporin, Vancomycin, Gentamicin

Antibacterial Drugs - side effect

ototoxicity (BPPV),