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FF: MSK content > class 11: pharm > Flashcards

class 11: pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Antiarrhythmic drugs +
Antihypertensives

A

B Blockers

Ca Channel Blockers

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2
Q

Only Antihypertensives

A

Diuretics

ACE inhibitors

ARB blockers

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3
Q

B-blockers end with what

A

lol

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4
Q

what are the effect of b-blockers

A

Decrease HR and BP, bronchoconstriction.

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5
Q

indication for b-blockers

A

Coronary artery disease (CAD), HTN, arrhythmia.

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6
Q

b- blocker consideration

A
  • Use RPE for exercise prescription
  • Do NOT use in asthma, COPD
  • No abrupt withdrawal
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7
Q

CA Channel Blockers: end with what

A

“-Pines and -Zems”

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8
Q

CA Channel Blockers: used for what

A

CAD, HTN, arrhythmia.

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9
Q

what is a adverse effect of both ca- blackers and beta blockers

A

orthostatic hypotension

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10
Q

what is an example of a diuretic

A

Furosemide (Lasix)

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT)

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11
Q

for what conditions are diuretics used - lasix

A

HTN, CHF, Edema, pulmonary edema.

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12
Q

what is the highlighted side effects of diuretics - lasix

A

reflex tachycardia,

everything eles is hypo

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13
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone) - side effect

A

hyperkalemia,

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14
Q

what is hyperkalemia,

A

a condition where there is too much potassium in your blood

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15
Q

what is hypercapnia

A

Too much carbon dioxide ((CO_{2})) in the blood

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16
Q

ACE Inhibitors end with what

A

“-Prils”

(Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril)

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17
Q

ACE Inhibitors: side effect

A

hyperkalemia.
DRY HACKING COUGH,

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18
Q

ARB Blockers: end with what

A

“SARTANS”

(Losartan, Telmisartan, Candesartan)

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19
Q

ARB Blockers: side effect

A

HYPERKALEMIA.

20
Q

Cardiac Glycosides: end with

21
Q

Cardiac Glycosides function

A

Slows down the HR but increases the strength of contraction (increases CO).

22
Q

Cardiac Glycosides: side effect

A

DIGOXIN TOXICITY

Arrhythmia, palpitations, fatigue, GI disturbances, visual disturbance,
hyperkalemia, confusion, delirium.

23
Q

Nitrates – Nitroglycerin used for what condition

A

Angina Pectoris

24
Q

how do we give doses - Nitrates

A

sublingually, 3 doses every 5 mins.

The patient must sit/lay when taking nitroglycerin. If there is no relief, the
patient may be having an MI. Call EMS.

25
Q

are nitrates short term or long term drugs

A

short term

beta or calcium blockers can be used long term

26
Q

Anticoagulants: two names

A

Warfarin (Coumadin), Heparin

27
Q

what is INR

A

measures how long it takes blood to clot.

28
Q

what is a normal INR

A

Normal: 0.9-1.1

29
Q

what INR is a contraindication to exercise

A

> 4.0 increase in exercise routine
may be contraindicated or
modified; discuss with physician

> 6.0 Bed rest till corrected

30
Q

what are the Antiplatelets:

A

Aspirin, Clopidogrel

31
Q

what are the side effects of Antiplatelets:

A

Peptic ulcers, gastritis, risk of internal bleeding.

32
Q

Selective NSAIDS vs Non-selective NSAIDS

A

selective - Adverse cardiovascular
effects > risk of MI, stroke

nonselective - Gastric ulcers, bleeding,
nausea, vomiting

33
Q

what can overuse lead to Tylenol

A

Overuse causes liver damage leading to Jaundice, clay- colored stools.

No more than 6 tablets (500mg) a day.

34
Q

Opioids: examples

A

Morphine, Oxycodone, Hydrocodone, Fentanyl, Methadone

35
Q

Benzodiazepines: end with what

A

pam or lam

Diazepam (Valium), Clonazepam (Klonopin), Alprazolam (Xanax)

36
Q

Benzodiazepines: used for what

A

Muscle spasms, anxiety, insomnia, alcohol withdrawal, acute epileptic attacks.

37
Q

what are Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) use for

A

Reduce muscle spasms, myofascial pain syndrome, fibromyalgia.

38
Q

what is myofascial pain syndrome

A

a chronic pain condition where pressure on specific points in muscles, called trigger points, causes localized pain that can sometimes radiate to other areas of the body

no fatigue complaints

referred pain

39
Q

what is fibromyalgia

A

a chronic condition that causes pain and tenderness throughout the body.

It can also cause fatigue, sleep issues, and problems with memory and mood.

morning stiffness

40
Q

Baclofen used for what

A

MS, SCI

reduce muscle spasticity seen with spinal cord lesions

41
Q

Botulinum Toxin (Botox): used for what

A

Works on CNS, blocks release of Acetylcholine

Use: Muscle spasticity, seen with cerebral palsy.

42
Q

what are the 3 Bronchodilator Drugs

A

Beta-2 agonists:

Antimuscarinic: (Cholinergic):

Corticosteroids:

43
Q

Beta-2 agonists: end with what

A

rol/ol

Short acting: Salbutamol, Albuterol (Ventolin)

Long acting: Salmeterol, formoterol

44
Q

Antimuscarinic: (Cholinergic): end with

A

pium

Short acting: Ipratropium
Long acting: Tiotropium

45
Q

Corticosteroids: end with

A

solone

Budesonide, prednisolone

46
Q

Antibacterial Drugs - examples

A

Penicillin, Cephalosporin, Vancomycin, Gentamicin

47
Q

Antibacterial Drugs - side effect

A

ototoxicity (BPPV),

FF: MSK content (13 decks)

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