Class 9 Adrenal Drugs Flashcards
Four causes of crushing syndrome
Tumor
Ectropic ATCH secreting tumor
Excessive steroid admin
ACTH dependant hyperplasia
Define crushing syndrome
Hypersecretion of adrenocortical hormones that results in redistribution of body fat from arms and legs into face, shoulders and trunk
Crushin syndrome can lead to
Potassium loss
- increased water retention
- muscle weakness
Define Addison’s disease
Hypo secretion of adrenocortical hormones that’s associated with:
- decreased blood sodium and glucose
- increased potassium levels
- dehydration
- weight loss
Two adrenal gland disorders
Crushing syndrome
Addison’s disease
Two parts of the adrenal gland
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla
Adrenal cortex secretes what
Corticosteroids
- glucocorticoids
- mineralcorticoids
Adrenal medulla secretes what
Catecholamimes
- epinephrine (adrenaline)
- norepinephrine
Example of a mineralcorticoid
Aldosterone
Function of aldosterone
Maintain normal levels of sodium in the blood by causing sodium to be reabsorbed from urine into blood in exchange for hydrogen and potassium
Functiom of glucocorticoids
Anti inflammatory effects Carb and protein metabolism Fat metabolism Maintenance of bp Stress effects
Function of mineralcorticoids
Bp control
Maintenon of ph blood levels
Maintenence of serum potassium lvls
Sodium and water reabsorption
Process during hypovelemic crisis
1) Body starts to bleed out
2) body secretes renin
3) renin converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
Effects:
- vasoconstriction
- secretion of aldosterone to increase sodium and water reabsorption
Four classifications of adrenal drugs
Natural or synthetic
Method of administration
Salt water retention potential
Duration of action
Example of topical glucocorticoids
Hydrocortisone
Example of inhaled glucocorticoids
Budesonide
Mechanisms of action for mineralcorticoids
Effects fluid electrolyte balance by promoting sodium reabsorption from nephron into blood which pulls water with if
Promotes potassium and hydrogen excretion from exchange with sodium
Actions of glucocorticoids
- Fluid and sodium retention
- Decreased inflammatory and immune response
- decreased fever
- increased breakdown of proteins for energy
- increased production of glycogen
- increased response to norepinephrine in smooth muscle
Contraindicstioms for adrenal drugs
- Allergy
- Cataracts or glaucoma
- Peptic ulcer disease
- Mental health problems
- Diabetes
- Pts with infections d/t immunosuppressant effects
Examples of systemic glucocorticoids
Cortisone
Dexamethasone
Prednisone
