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Pnur 155 Pharmocology > Class 10 Miscellaneous Drugs > Flashcards

Class 10 Miscellaneous Drugs Flashcards

0
Q

Changes that affect pharmacokinetics

A
  • absorption slower d/t decreased motility
  • circulation slower
  • less acidic ph
  • increased adipose tissue
  • decreased albumin and lean muscle
  • liver changes
  • kidney changes
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1
Q

Principal complications of drug therapy in older adult

A

Degeneration of organ systems
Multiple and severe illness
Multiple drug therapy
Unreliable compliance

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2
Q

Define pharmacokinetics

A

Movement of drug throughout the body

Absoprtion
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

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3
Q

Four types of drugs likely to cause problems in elderly

A 
Anticholinergics 
 - dryness effects
CNS depressants and analgesics
  - fall risk
Thiazide diuretics
  - electrolyte imbalances
Sedative hypnotics 
  - fall risk
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4
Q

Two nursing diagnosis related to polypharmacy

A

Risk for falls related to sedation

Knowledge deficit related to polypharmacy

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5
Q

Define albumin

A

Plasma protein in blood that protein bound drugs bind to

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6
Q

Define protein bound drug

A

Drugs tht bind to the protein albumin to become inactive

Inactive while bound, as soon as drug is free, it’s now active and increases risk for toxicity

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7
Q

Define and state action of SERMs

A

Selective estrogen receptor modulators

Bind to estrogen receptors and act as either agonist or antagonist

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8
Q

Give an example and use for a SERM

A

Tamoxifen

Blocks tumor cell receptivity to estrogen to modify or shrink tumor

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9
Q

Action of biphosphonates

A

Inhibit osteoclast activity to inhibit bone reabsorption which results in increased bone density and decreased fractures

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10
Q

Two examples of biphosphonates

A

Alendronate sodium

Etidronate sodium

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11
Q

Function of calcitonin

A

Facilitates calcium building in bones

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12
Q

Define osteoblasts

A

Building bone matrix

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13
Q

Define osteoclasts

A

Destruction of bone

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14
Q

Use of antineoplastic drugs

A

Drugs used to treat cancer

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15
Q

Define carcinomas

A

Cancer cells located in epithelial tissue inside and outside the body

16
Q

Define sarcomas

A

Cancer cells located in connective tissue including bone, muscle and vascular structures

17
Q

Protocols for chemotherapy

A
  • Use of multiple antineoplastic drugs during the course of chemotherapy
  • different drugs affect different stages of cancer cell life
  • allows each dosage to be lower to decrease toxicity and decrease developement of resistance
18
Q

Adverse effects of antineoplastics

A 
Changes to gi tract 
- bleeding 
- anorexia
- extreme nausea and vomiting 
Changes to blood
- leukopenia
- anemia
- thrombocytopenia
Other effects
- alopecia
- fatigue
- birth defects
- opportunistic infections
19
Q

Define anemia

A

Reduce RBC production

20
Q

Define leukopenia

A

Decreased white blood cells

21
Q

Define thrombocytopenia

A

Low platelet count

22
Q

Action of allylating agents

A

Prevents cancer cells from reproducing by non specifically changing shape of DNA and preventing nucleic acid from completing normal cell replication

23
Q

Adverse effect of alkylating agents

A

Bone marrow suppression

Immunosuppressant effects

24
Q

Example of alkylating agents

A

Cyclophosphamide

25
Q

Effects of an antimetabolite

A

DNA is not produced and cell dies

26
Q

Use of an anti metabolite

A

Cell specific analogues that inhibit cellular growth by inhibiting:

  • folic acid
  • purines
  • pyrimidines
27
Q

Example of antimetabolite

A

Methotrexate

28
Q

Indications of antimetabolites

A 
Tumors
Hematological cancers
Enhance cytotoxic effect 
Rheumatoid arthritis
severe psoriasis
29
Q

Adverse effects of antimetabolite

A

Immunosuppressant

Nausea, vomiting

30
Q

Four ways a nurse can accidentally be exposed to cytotoxic drugs

A

Direct skin contact
Inhalation (opening a capsule)
Needle stick injury
Ingestion

31
Q

Methotrexate can cause what toxicity and what can limit effects of it?

A

Methotrexate causes life threatening bone marrow toxicity

Leucovorin can limit toxic effects on bone marrow cells

32
Q

Three nursing diagnostics related to anti cancer drugs

A

Risk for infection relate to immunosuppressant effects

Risk for dehydration related to nausea and vomiting

33
Q

Two goals for clients using cancer drugs

A

Patient will remain calm and comfortable without moderate to severe anxiety during therapy

Patient will be free from injury for the next 30 days

34
Q

Four ways to increase self image of patients

A

Normalize emotions
Find resources
Ask them what they want to wear etc
Ready the patient for what’s coming

Pnur 155 Pharmocology (7 decks)

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