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Anatomy T2 > Class 8 > Flashcards

Class 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the features of the Occipital bone?

A

• external occipital protuberance (inion)
• foramen magnum
• occipital condyles
• superior nuchal line
• inferior nuchal line

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2
Q

What are the features of the Nasal bones?

A

• bridge of the nose

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3
Q

What are the features of the Maxillae?

A

• frontal process
• zygomatic process
• orbital surface
• alveolar processes
• infraorbital foramen – exit of infraorbital nerve
• palatine process

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4
Q

What is the Maxillae?

A

• skeleton of face between mouth and eyes

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5
Q

What are the Zygomatic bones?

A

• cheek bones

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6
Q

Key features of the Zygomatic bones?

A

• anterolateral & infra orbital margins
• temporal process (of zygomatic bone)

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7
Q

What is the Ethmoid bone?

A

• separates nasal cavity from brain
• located at roof of nose between orbits
• crista galli – ridge of bone projecting superiorly- attachment for falx cerebri (arched fold of dura mater which separates right & left hemispheres of brain descends in longitudinal fissure)
• cribriform plate
• perpendicular plate – forms posterior & superior part of nasal septum

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8
Q

What is the crista galli of Ethmoid bone?

A

Ridge of bone projecting superiorly - attachment for falx cerebri (arched fold of dura mater which separates right & left hemispheres of brain descends in longitudinal fissure)

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9
Q

What is the perpendicular plate of Ethmoid bone?

A

Forms posterior & superior part of nasal septum

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10
Q

What are the key features of sutures?

A

• coronal suture
• sagittal suture
• bregma: meeting point between coronal & sagittal sutures
• squamous suture - joint between temporal & parietal bones
• lambdoid suture
• lambda: meeting point of lambdoid & sagittal sutures
• pterion: connection between sphenoid, temporal, frontal & parietal bones

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11
Q

What is the bregma of sutures?

A

meeting point between coronal & sagittal sutures

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12
Q

What is the squamous suture?

A

joint between temporal & parietal bones

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13
Q

What is the lambda of sutures?

A

meeting point of lambdoid & sagittal sutures

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14
Q

What is the pterion of sutures?

A

connection between sphenoid, temporal, frontal & parietal bones

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15
Q

Coronal Suture is the dividing line between the ______________________ and the ______________________.

A

frontal bone and the parietal bone

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16
Q

What is the orbital socket?

A

• eye socket
• cone-shaped cavity
• made of many bones
• optic canal

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17
Q

What is the key features of the orbital socket?

A

• posterior wall - sphenoid
• floor - maxillae
• roof - frontal
• lateral wall - zygomatic
• medial wall - ethmoid

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18
Q

What are the Sinuses?

A

• frontal (2)
• sphenoidal (2)
• ethmoidal (2)
• maxillary (2) (largest)

• air travelling through sinuses is either warmed or cooled to within 1 deg of body temp
• there are short, thick hairs called vibrassae which help to move particulate matter - (dust etc)

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19
Q

What are vibrassae?

A

Short, thick hairs - help to move particulate matter (dust etc)

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20
Q

What is The Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)?

A

• head/condyle of mandible articulates with mandibular fossa & articular tubercle of temporal bone
• synovial
• modified hinge

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21
Q

What is the Articular Disc (Temporomandibular Joint)?

A

• fibrocartilagenous disc sits between head of mandible &
temporal bone (2 articulating surfaces)
• connected to joint capsule (capsule is quite loose & thin)
• follows movements of mandible
• attached to disc posteriorly is the retrodiscal pad - helps maintain proper positioning of disc

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22
Q

What are the ligaments of the temporomandibular joint?

A

• joint is supported by capsule
• capsule thickens laterally to form lateral (temporomandibular) ligament
• stylomandibular ligament
• sphenomandibular ligament

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23
Q

What are the available movements of the temporomandibular joint?

A

• depression: opening mouth
• elevation: closing mouth
• protraction/protrusion: anterior translation of mandible
• retraction/retrusion: posterior translation of mandible
• deviation: movement from side to side

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24
Q

What are the Attachments of Temporalis?

A

• superior attachment: temporal bone (fossa)
• inferior attachment: coronoid process & anterior ramus

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25
Q

What are the Actions of Temporalis?

A

• action: elevation of mandible
• action: retraction of mandible (more horizontal/posterior fibres)

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26
Q

What are the attachments of the Masseter?

A

• note: superficial & deep fibres
• superior attachment: inferior border of zygomatic arch
• inferior attachment: angle of mandible

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27
Q

What are the actions of the Masseter?

A

• action: elevation of mandible
• action: (superficial fibres) protraction of mandible
• action (deep fibres): retraction of mandible (from protracted position)

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28
Q

What are the attachments of the Lateral pterygoid?

A

• note: superior head & inferior head
• anterior attachment: greater wing of sphenoid (superior head) & lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate (inferior head)
• posterior attachment: neck of mandible (inferior head), articular disc (superior head)

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29
Q

What are the actions of the Lateral pterygoid?

A

• action: protraction of mandible
• action: translational (anterior/posterior) control of articular disc (superior head)
• action: depression of mandible (inferior head) (once translation occurs)
• action: contralateral deviation of mandible

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30
Q

What are the attachments of the Medial pterygoid?

A

• anterior attachment: medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
• inferior attachment: pterygoid tuberosity (inner surface of angle of mandible)

31
Q

What are the actions of the Medial pterygoid?

A

• action: elevation of mandible
• action: protrusion of mandible
• action: contralateral deviation of mandible

32
Q

What are the actions of Hyoids?

A

• action (hyoid fixed): assist in depression of mandible

33
Q

What are the muscles of mastication that do depression?

A

• hyoids
• lateral pterygoid (inferior head) (once translation occurs)

34
Q

What are the muscles of mastication that do Elevation?

A

• temporalis
• masseter
• medial pterygoid
• lateral pterygoid (superior head) (eccentric control of disc return)

35
Q

What are the muscles of mastication that do Protrusion?

A

• masseter (superficial fibres)
• lateral pterygoid
• medial pterygoid

36
Q

What are the muscles of mastication that do Retrusion?

A

• temporalis (posterior fibres)
• masseter (deep fibres)

37
Q

What are the muscles of mastication that do Deviation?

A

• contralateral pterygoids

38
Q

What are the Biomechanics of the TMJ (Depression (opening the mouth)?

A

• beginning to midrange of motion is primarily anterior sagittal rotation of head of mandible in mandibular fossa
• midrange to end range is primarily anterior translation of head of mandible from fossa onto articular tubercle
• as translation occurs, articular disc is pulled anteriorly by superior head of lateral pterygoid to maintain joint surface congruency
• muscles activated include: digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, & when translation occurs, inferior head of lateral pterygoid

39
Q

What are the Biomechanics of the TMJ (Elevation (closing the mouth)?

A

• posterior translation of mandibular head from articular tubercle to fossa followed by posterior sagittal rotation of mandibular head in mandibular fossa
• as mouth closes, disc is pulled back into position by elastic fibres that attach to back of disc – movement is controlled (eccentrically) by superior head of lateral pterygoid
• muscles activated include: masseter, medial pterygoid, temporalis, superior portion of lateral pterygoid

40
Q

What are the Biomechanics of the TMJ (Deviation)?

A

• muscles activated include: contralateral medial pterygoid, contralateral lateral pterygoid

41
Q

What are the Biomechanics of the TMJ (Protraction)?

A

• medial pterygoid, masseter, lateral pterygoid

42
Q

What are the Biomechanics of the TMJ (Retraction)?

A

• temporalis, & deep fibres of masseter

43
Q

What is a Close packed position of TMJ?

A

• maximal occlusion

44
Q

What is a Resting position of TMJ?

A

• teeth 2-5mm apart with the tip of tongue resting behind front teeth on roof of mouth

45
Q

What is OCCIPITOFRONTALIS?

A

• occipitalis (2 bellies): superior nuchal line - epicranial aponeurosis
• frontalis (2 bellies): skin near eyebrows - epicranial aponeurosis
• action: occipitalis anchors aponeurosis so that frontalis can pull eyebrows up

46
Q

What is ORBICULARIS OCULI?

A

• sphincter of the eye – contraction closes eyelids
• helps to empty lacrimal (tear) sac (tearing)

47
Q

What is Corrugator supercilii?

A

• draws eyebrows inferiorly & medially

48
Q

What is Levator labii superioris?

A

• raises upper lip

49
Q

What is Levator labii superioris aleque nasi?

A

Levator labii superioris aleque nasi

50
Q

What is Zygomaticus minor?

A

• raises upper lip

51
Q

What is ZYGOMATICUS MAJOR?

A

• draws angle of mouth superolaterally

52
Q

What is ORBICULARIS ORIS?

A

• sphincter of the mouth
• fibres are derived from other muscles
• closes the lips
• protrudes lips
• compresses lips against teeth

53
Q

What is MENTALIS?

A

• raises & protrudes lower lip

54
Q

What is Depressor labii inferioris?

A

• draws lip inferiorly & slightly laterally

55
Q

What is Depressor anguli oris?

A

• depresses corner of the mouth

56
Q

What is BUCCINATOR?

A

• compresses cheek against molar teeth when chewing (keeps food where teeth can grind it)
• helps with whistling (forceful blowing)

57
Q

What is PLATYSMA?

A

• retracts & depresses angle of the mouth

58
Q

What is the Auricularis anterior?

A

• draws ear up & forward

59
Q

What is the Auricularis superior?

A

• draws ear up

60
Q

What is the Auricularis posterior?

A

• draws ear back

61
Q

(Muscles of facial expression summary) Occipitofrontalis = _____________________

A

Surprise

62
Q

(Muscles of facial expression summary) Orbicularis oculi = _____________________

A

Squinting & winking

63
Q

(Muscles of facial expression summary) Corrugator supercilii = _____________________

A

Frowning

64
Q

(Muscles of facial expression summary) Levator labii superioris = _____________________

A

Snarling

65
Q

(Muscles of facial expression summary) Levator labii superioris aleque nasi = _____________________

A

Stank face

66
Q

(Muscles of facial expression summary) Zygomaticus minor = _____________________

A

Elvis

67
Q

(Muscles of facial expression summary) Zygomaticus major = _____________________

A

Smiling

68
Q

(Muscles of facial expression summary) Orbicularis oris = _____________________

A

Kissing & whistling

69
Q

(Muscles of facial expression summary) Mentalis = _____________________

A

Pouting

70
Q

(Muscles of facial expression summary) Mentalis = _____________________

A

Pouting

71
Q

(Muscles of facial expression summary) Depressor labii inferioris = _____________________

A

Yikes

72
Q

(Muscles of facial expression summary) Depressor anguli oris = _____________________

A

Sad

73
Q

(Muscles of facial expression summary) Platysma = _____________________

A

Creature from black lagoon

Anatomy T2 (11 decks)

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