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Anatomy T2 > Class 5 > Flashcards

Class 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the suboccipital muscles?

A

• 4 small muscles deep to semispinalis capitis
• lay directly over Atlanto-axial joint
• mainly postural, help to move head
• positioned to move upper cervical spine independently of lower cervical spine
• deepest in area

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2
Q

What are the attachments of rectus capitis posterior major?

A

• inferior attachment: SP of C2
• superior attachment: inferior nuchal line

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3
Q

What are the actions of rectus capitis posterior major?

A

• action (unilateral contraction): ipsilateral rotation of head
• action (bilateral contraction): extend head on neck

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4
Q

What are the attachments of rectus capitis posterior minor?

A

• inferior attachment: posterior arch of C1 (posterior tubercle)
• superior attachment: inferior nuchal line

*also attaches to dura mater which may result in headaches by disruption of normal cerebrospinal fluid flow (CSF) & therefore the function of vertebral
artery & suboccipital nerve

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5
Q

What is the action of rectus capitis posterior minor?

A

• action (bilateral contraction): extend head on neck

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6
Q

What are the attachments of Obliquus capitis inferior?

A

• inferior attachment: SP of C2
• superior attachment: TVP of C1

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7
Q

What is the action of Obliquus capitis inferior?

A

• action (unilateral contraction): ipsilateral rotation of head at AA joint
• key muscle for rotation of C1

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8
Q

What are the attachments of Obliquus capitis superior?

A

• inferior attachment: TVP of C1
• superior attachment: between superior & inferior nuchal lines

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9
Q

What is the action of Obliquus capitis superior?

A

• action (unilateral contraction): lateral flexion of head on neck
• action (bilateral contraction): extend head on neck

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10
Q

What are the boundaries of the suboccipital triangle?

A

• most lateral 3 suboccipital mm. define triangle
• inferolateral border: obliquus capitis inferior
• superolateral border: obliquus capitis superior
• superomedial border: rectus capitis posterior major
• floor: posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
• roof: semispinalis m.

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11
Q

What are the contents of the suboccipital triangle?

A

• vertebral artery
• suboccipital nerve

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12
Q

What is the looking reflex & what is the clinical application?

A

The looking reflex: head wants to follow where eyes look.

The clinical application: rolling eyes upward generates a small contraction in suboccipital muscles & rolling them downward will
help them relax.

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13
Q

What are the attachment’s of Pre-vertebral: Rectus capitis anterior?

A

• inferior attachment: lateral mass of C1
• superior attachment: occiput

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14
Q

What is the action of Pre-vertebral: Rectus capitis anterior?

A

• action: flexes head on neck

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15
Q

What are the attachment’s of Rectus capitis lateralis?

A

• inferior attachment: TVP of C1
• superior attachment: occiput

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16
Q

What is the action of Rectus capitis lateralis?

A

• action: flexes head on neck
• action: laterally flexes head on neck

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17
Q

What are the attachment’s of Longus colli (a.k.a longus cervicis)?

A

• inferior attachment: body of T3
• superior attachment: anterior tubercle of C1
• additional attachments to bodies & TVPs of cervical spine

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18
Q

What is the action of Longus colli (a.k.a longus cervicis)?

A

• action: flexion of neck

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19
Q

What are the attachment’s of Longus capitis?

A

• inferior attachment: TVPs of C3-6
• superior attachment: occiput

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20
Q

What is the action of Longus capitis?

A

• action: flexion of head AND neck

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21
Q

What are the attachment’s of Lateral Neck muscles:
Anterior scalene?

A

• superior attachment: anterior tubercles of C3-6 TVPs
• inferior attachment: rib 1 (scalene tubercle)

22
Q

What are the actions of Lateral Neck muscles:
Anterior scalene?

A

• action (bilateral contraction): flexion of neck
• action (unilateral contraction): ipsilateral lateral flexion of neck
• action: elevates 1st rib during forced inhalation
• action (unilateral contraction): contralateral rotation of neck (weak)

23
Q

What are the attachment’s of Lateral Neck muscles:
Middle scalene?

A

• superior attachment: posterior tubercles of C2-7 TVPs
• inferior attachment: rib 1 (posterior to subclavian artery)

24
Q

What are the actions of Lateral Neck muscles:
Middle scalene?

A

• action (unilateral contraction): ipsilateral lateral flexion
• action: elevates 1st rib during forced inhalation
• action (unilateral contraction): contralateral rotation of neck (weak)

25
Q

What are the attachment’s of Lateral Neck muscles:
Posterior scalene?

A

• superior attachment: posterior tubercles of C4-6 TVPs
• inferior attachment: rib 2

26
Q

What are the actions of Lateral Neck muscles:
Posterior scalene?

A

• action (unilateral contraction): ipsilateral lateral flexion
• action: elevates rib 2 during forced inhalation

27
Q

What are the attachments of the Lateral Neck muscles: Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)?

A

• superior attachment: mastoid process
• inferior attachment: sternum (sternal head)
• inferior attachment: clavicle (clavicular head)

28
Q

What are the actions of the Lateral Neck muscles: Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)?

A

• action: contralateral rotation of head and neck
• action: ipsilateral lateral flexion of head & neck
• action: flexion of neck (if the head/neck is in neutral or flexed)
• action: extension of head (if the head is already extended)
• action: assists with inspiration

29
Q

What is the anterior cervical triangle?

A

• base: mandible
• lateral border: SCM
• medial border: midsagittal plane of the neck
• contents: muscles, arteries, veins, lymph nodes, viscera

30
Q

What is the posterior cervical triangle?

A

• base: clavicle
• anterior border: SCM
• posterior border: trapezius
• floor (superior to inferior):
1. splenius capitis
2. levator scapula
3. posterior scalenes
4. middle scalenes
5. anterior scalenes
6. omohyoid
• contents: blood vessels & nerves

31
Q

What is the larynx?

A

• just inferior to where pharynx splits into trachea & esophagus
• voice production
• Adam’s apple – formed by thyroid cartilage
• thyroid gland: anterior to trachea, inferior to thyroid cartilage
• trachea: cartilaginous rings
• hyoid bone: anterior neck superior to thyroid cartilage (part of larynx)

32
Q

What is the Adam’s Apple formed by?

A

formed by thyroid cartilage

33
Q

Where is the thyroid gland?

A

anterior to trachea, inferior to thyroid cartilage

34
Q

What is the trachea?

A

cartilaginous rings

35
Q

Where is the hyoid bone?

A

anterior neck superior to thyroid cartilage (part of larynx)

36
Q

Where are the Suprahyoids?

A

• superior to the hyoid bone
• connect the hyoid to the skull

37
Q

What do Suprahyoids consist of?

A

• mylohyoid
• geniohyoid
• stylohyoid
• digastric

38
Q

What are the general actions of the Suprahyoids?

A

• general action (superior attachments fixed): elevate hyoid bone
• general action (hyoid fixed): assist in depressing (lowering) mandible

39
Q

What are the attachments of mylohyoid?

A

• superior attachment: mandible (jaw bone)
• inferior attachment: hyoid bone

40
Q

What are the attachments of geniohyoid?

A

• superior attachment: mandible
• inferior attachment: hyoid bone

41
Q

What are the attachments of stylohyoid?

A

• superior attachment: styloid process of temporal bone (part of the skull)
• inferior attachment: hyoid bone

42
Q

What are the attachments of digastric (anterior belly)?

A

• superior attachment: inferior border of mandible (jaw bone)
• inferior attachment: intermediate tendon to hyoid (via connective tissue loop)

43
Q

What are the attachments of digastric (posterior belly)?

A

• superior attachment: mastoid process (medial side)
• inferior attachment: intermediate tendon to hyoid (via connective tissue loop)

44
Q

What are the Infrahyoids?

A

• inferior to hyoid bone

• sternohyoid
• sternothyroid
• thyrohyoid
• omohyoid

45
Q

What is the general action of Infrahyoids?

A

• general action: depress the hyoid bone

46
Q

What are the attachments of sternohyoid?

A

• superior attachment: hyoid bone
• inferior attachment: manubrium

47
Q

What are the attachments of sternothyroid?

A

• superior attachment: thyroid cartilage
• inferior attachment: manubrium

48
Q

What are the attachments of thyrohyoid?

A

• superior attachment: hyoid bone
• inferior attachment: thyroid cartilage

49
Q

What are the attachments of omohyoid (superior belly)?

A

• two bellies connected by an intermediate tendon
• superior attachment: hyoid bone
• inferior attachment: intermediate tendon

50
Q

What are the attachments of omohyoid (inferior belly)?

A

• superior attachment: intermediate tendon
• inferior attachment: superior border of scapula near suprascapular notch

Anatomy T2 (11 decks)

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