Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy T2 > Class 3 > Flashcards

Class 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Ribs 1, 11, 12 articulate with only ______________________.

A

1 vertebral body (the numerically corresponding vertebra)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Atypical ribs (Rib 1) key features

A

• many structures cross and/or attach to it
• scalene tubercle – where anterior scalene muscle attaches
• grooves for subclavian artery and vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Atypical ribs (Rib 11&12) key features

A

• floating ribs
• small facet on the head of the rib
• no neck, no tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are typical ribs?

A

• 2-10
• articulates with numerically corresponding vertebral body, IVD and vertebra above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are typical vertebral bodies?

A

• 2-9
• has 2 demi facets for articulation with 2 different ribs
• superior demi facet articulates with rib of same number
• inferior demi facet articulates with rib just inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are atypical ribs?

A

• 1, 11, 12
• not connected to disc
• articulate with numerically corresponding vertebral body only
• 1 does articulate with corresponding TVP, 11 & 12 do not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are atypical vertebral bodies?

A

• 1, 10, 11, 12
• T1 has complete superior facet and demi-facet inferiorly
• T10-12 have only one facet surface on each side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Vertebral characteristics for cervical spine

A

•uncinate processes
•bifid SPs
•transverse foramen
•oblique facet orientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vertebral characteristics for thoracic spine

A

•two costal demi-facets on the body (per side)
•costal facets on TVPs
•SPs that point down
•facet orientation tends to be in frontal/coronal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Vertebral characteristics of lumbar vertebrae

A

•large bodies
•large SPs projecting horizontally
•facet orientation tends to be in sagittal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Relationship of scapula and thorax

A

• superior angle landmarks rib 2
• root of the spine of scapula landmarks rib 3
• inferior angle landmarks rib 7 or 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The vertebrae from C2-S1 articulate with _____________________________ and ________________________.

A

one another at joints between their bodies and between their articular processes (with facets)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Key features of intervertebra) joints

A

• designed for strength and weight bearing
• cartilaginous joints
• adjacent vertebrae are connected by IVDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cranialvertebral don’t have ____________.

A

No IVDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Key features of Atlanto-Occipital joint?

A

• superior articular facets on the lateral masses of C1 articulate with the occipital
condyles of the skull
• synovial
• condyloid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Atlanto-Occipital joint available movements

A

• flexion of head on neck
• extension of head on neck
• lateral flexion of head on neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Atlanto-Occipital joint ligaments

A

• Atlanto-occipital membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Key features of Atlanto-Axial joint (dens)

A

• articular facet (for the dens) of C1 articulates with dens (anterior) of C2
• C1 rotates on it
• synovial
• pivot joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Atlanto-Axial joint (dens) available movements

A

• rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the transverse ligament of the atlas?

A

• holds dens of C2 against anterior arch of C1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the cruciate/cruciform ligament

A

• bands travel from transverse ligament superiorly to occipital bone and inferiorly to body of C2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are alar ligaments?

A

• dens to lateral margins of foramen magnum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the apical ligament?

A

• dens to anterior margin of foramen magnum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL)

A

• travels/is anchored to posterior aspect of vertebral bodies and IVDs from sacrum to C2
• checks hyperflexion of spine
• prevents posterior protrusion of IVD
• most superior part is tectorial membrane which attaches onto occiput

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the anterior longitudinal ligament?

A

• travels/is anchored to anterior aspect of vertebral bodies and IVDs from sacrum to occiput
• checks hyperextension of spine
• stabilizes intervertebral joints

26
Q

What are facet joints?

A

Inferior articular facet of one vertebra articulates with superior articular facet of next inferior vertebra
• synovial
• plane

27
Q

Orientation of Facet Joints

A

• cervical facets: oblique (higher anteriorly)
• thoracic facets: more in frontal plane
• lumbar facets: more in sagittal plane

28
Q

Available movements of facet joints

A

• flexion
• extension
• rotation (right, left)
• lateral flexion (right, left)

29
Q

Factors affecting ROM in facet joints

A

• size and shape of IVDs
• angle of facet joints
• laxity of ligaments/joint capsules

30
Q

What is the Ligamenta Flava (Ligamentum flavum) (Yellow ligament)?

A

• lamina to lamina from sacrum up to C1
• helps preserve normal curves
• helps return spine to normal position after flexion

31
Q

What is the Interspinous ligaments?

A

• between SPs
• limit flexion
• preventing excessive forward flexion

32
Q

What is the Supraspinous ligaments?

A

• posteriorly along tips of SPs from C7 to sacrum
• limits flexion

33
Q

What is the Ligamentum Nuchae aka Nuchal ligament?

A

• from C7 to back of skull
• thickening of interspinous/supraspinous ligaments

34
Q

What is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

• Only ‘bony’ articulation between upper limb and axial skeleton
• clavicle articulates with manubrium and costal cartilage of 1st rib
• synovial
• saddle
• joint surfaces are separated by fibrocartilagenous articular disc which acts as shock absorber for forces along clavicle

35
Q

Available movements of sternoclavicular joint?

A

• elevation/depression
• protraction/retraction
• rotation

36
Q

What are the ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

•Costoclavicular ligament
•Interclavicular ligament
•Sternoclavicular ligament

37
Q

Key features of costoclavicular ligament?

A

• first rib to sternal end of clavicle
• checks all movements of clavicle except inferior

38
Q

Key features of the interclavicular ligament?

A

• connects 2 SC joints across the manubrium

39
Q

Key features of the sternoclavicular ligament?

A

• anterior and posterior

40
Q

What are the joints of the sternum?

A

• Manubriosternal joint
• Xiphisternal joint

41
Q

Key features of the Manubriosternal joint

A

• manubrium articulates with body of sternum
• cartilaginous
• some movement during respiration

42
Q

Key features of the Manubriosternal joint

A

• manubrium articulates with body of sternum
• cartilaginous
• some movement during respiration

43
Q

Key features of the Xiphisternal joint?

A

• body of sternum articulates with xiphoid process
• cartilaginous

44
Q

What are the joints of the thorax?

A

• Chondrosternal joints
• Costochondral joints
• Interchondral joints
• Costovertebral joints
• Costotransverse joints

45
Q

Key features of chondrosternal joints?

A

• cartilages of first 7 ribs and costal notches on lateral borders of sternum
• rib 1 and manubrium: cartilaginous
• ribs 2-7: synovial

Ligaments:
• radiate sternocostal ligaments

46
Q

Key features of costochondral joints

A

• cartilaginous
• lateral end of each costal cartilage fits into cup-shaped anterior end of its associated rib
• no ligaments – supported/bound together by periosteum

47
Q

Key features of interchondral joints

A

• adjacent borders of costal cartilages articulate
• synovial
• supported by interchondral ligaments

48
Q

Key features of costovertebral joints?

A

• head of rib articulates with facets on side of vertebral body
• superior facet of head articulates with inferior facet of superior vertebral body
• inferior facet on head articulates with superior facet on vertebral body of same number
• plane
• synovial

Ligaments:
Radiate ligament
• head of rib to 2 vertebral bodies and disc in between

49
Q

Key features of costotransverse joints

A

• facet on tubercle of rib articulates with costal facet on associated TVP
• synovial
• plane

Ligaments:
Costotransverse ligaments Superior
• neck of rib to next superior TVP Lateral
• tubercle of rib to associated TVP

50
Q

Key features of the superficial layer (extrinsic) of back musculature

A

• connect upper limb to trunk
• trapezius (upper, middle, lower)
• latissimus dorsi
• levator scapula
• rhomboid major (minor)

51
Q

Key features of the Intermediate layer (intrinsic) of back musculature

A

• 2 muscles on the posterior thorax
• accessory muscles of respiration
• serratus posterior superior
• serratus posterior inferior

52
Q

Key features of the Deep muscles (intrinsic) of back musculature

A

• maintain posture and move spine/head
• 3 layers (superficial, intermediate, deep)

53
Q

What are the muscles of the Superficial layer (of the deep muscles)?

A

• splenius capitis
• splenius cervicis

54
Q

What are the muscles of the Intermediate layer (of the deep muscles)?

A

• 3 columns of muscles collectively called erector spinae (a.k.a. paraspinals)
• medial to lateral, they are…
(a) spinalis
(b) longissimus
(c) iliocostalis

55
Q

What are the muscles of the Deep layer (of the deep muscles?

A

Superomedial fibre direction:
• found in groove between spinous and transverse processes (laminar groove)
• attach from transverse processes to spinous processes (of more superior vertebrae)
• collectively called transversospinalis muscles
• from superficial to deep, they are…
1. semispinalis (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)
2. multifidus
3. rotatores

Vertical fibre direction:
1. interspinales
2. intertransversarii

56
Q

What is the serratus posterior superior muscle?

A

• Intermediate layer (intrinsic)
• deep to rhomboids (sharing same fibre direction)
• superficial to erector spinae
• medial attachment: SPs of C7-T3
• lateral attachment: superior borders of ribs 2-5
• action: elevates ribs 2-5, during inspiration

57
Q

What is the serratus posterior inferior muscle?

A

• Intermediate layer (intrinsic)
• deep to latissimus/thoracolumbar fascia
• superficial to erector spinae
• medial attachment: SPs of T11 – L2
• lateral attachment: lower 4 ribs
• action: draws ribs down and back during forced expiration

58
Q

What is the splenius capitis muscle?

A

• Superficial layer (of deep muscles)
• inferior attachment: SPs of C4 – T2
• superior attachment: mastoid process and lateral superior nuchal line
• action: unilateral contraction: ipsilateral rotation of head and neck
• action: bilateral contraction: extension of head and neck

59
Q

What is the splenius cervicis muscle?

A

• Superficial layer (of deep muscles)
• inferior attachment: SPs of T3 – T5
• superior attachment: C1 – C4 TVPs (posterior tubercles)
• action: unilateral contraction: ipsilateral rotation
• action: bilateral contraction: extension of neck

60
Q

Ligamenta Flava (Ligamentum flavum) (Yellow ligament) yellowing is caused by ___________________.

A

Elastin

Anatomy T2 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions