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Operations Management > Class 6 > Flashcards

Class 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Work System Design

A

specifying the content and methods of jobs. focuses on what will be done and how. Includes:job design, methods and motion analysis, work measurement, compensation

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2
Q

Define Job Design

A

the content of the job

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3
Q

Define Efficiency school

A

systematic, logical approach, focused on labour cost reductions

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4
Q

Define Behavioural school

A

emphasized satisfaction of worker’s wants and needs

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5
Q

Define Methods and motion analysis

A

How a job is (or should be) performed

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6
Q

Define Work Measurement

A

The process of determining how long it should take to do a job

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7
Q

Define Specialization

A

The design and development of jobs with a very narrow scope

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8
Q

Define Job Enlargement

A

Assigning worker a larger portion of the total task

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9
Q

Define Job Rotation

A

Having workers periodically exchange jobs

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10
Q

Define Job Enrichment

A

An increase in the level of responsibility for planning and coordination

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11
Q

Define Work Team

A

increasing authority, responsibility and trust of workers

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12
Q

Define Methods analysis

A

Analyzing how a job gets done, in order to make the job more efficient

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13
Q

Define process chart

A

A chart used to examine the overall sequence of an operation by focusing on the movements of the operator or the flow of materials

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14
Q

Define Worker-machine chart

A

A chart used to determine the portions of a work cycle during which an operator and equipment are busy or idle

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15
Q

Define Motion study

A

The systematic study of the human motions used to perform an operation

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16
Q

Define Principles of motion economy

A

Guidelines for designing motion-effective work procedures

a) Principles for use of the body
b) Principles for arrangements of the workplace
c) Principles for the design of tools and equipment

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17
Q

Define Therblig

A

Basic elementary motions that make up a job

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18
Q

Define Simo Chart

A

A chart that shows the elementary motions performed by each hand, side-by-side, over time

19
Q

Define Work Measurement

A

The process of determining how long it should take to do a job

20
Q

Define Stopwatch time study

A

An approach used to develop a standard time for a job based on observations of one worker taken over a number of cycles

21
Q

Define Observed Time (OT)

A

The average of recorded time

OT=∑xi/n

22
Q

Define Normal Time (NT)

A

The average observed time adjusted for the workers performance
NT=OT x PR
-PR=Performance Rating

23
Q

Define Standard Time (ST)

A

Normal time adjusted for factors such as personal needs, unavoidable delays, adjustments and repairs, waiting for materials, talking to a supervisor, rest breaks, etc
ST=NT x AF
-AF=Allowance Factor

24
Q

Define allowance factor

A

Can be based on either job time or time worked

25
Q

Define Location break-even analysis

A

Identifies the least (fixed and variable) cost location choice based on quantity to be produced

26
Q

Define Factor rating

A

A general approach to evaluating locations that includes quantitative and qualitative factors

27
Q

Define Center of gravity method

A

A method to determine the location of a distribution center that will minimize total distribution cost.It treats distribution cost as a linear function of the distance and the quantity shipped

28
Q

What is the equation for Observed Time?

A

OT=∑xi/n

29
Q

What is the equation for Normal Time?

A

NT=OT x PR

30
Q

What is the equation for Standard Time?

A

ST=NT x AF

31
Q

What is the equation for Allowance Factor?

A

AFjob=1+Ajob

AFday=1/(1-Aday)

32
Q

What is the equation for Number of Cycles?

A

For a given accuracy
-N=2(zs/amX)
For a given target maximum error
-N=2(zs/e)

33
Q

What is the equation for center of gravity

A

mX=∑xiQi/∑Qi

mY=∑yiQi/∑Qi

34
Q

List the 4 activities in work system design

A

1) job design
2) Methods and motion analysis
3) work measurement
4) compensation

35
Q

List the 2 schools of thought in job design

A

1) Efficiency school

2) Behavioural school

36
Q

List the Strengths and Weaknesses of Specialization

A

Strengths - high productivity with low unit cost, and largely responsible for high standard of living in industrailized nations
Weaknesses-monotonous, a source of much worker dissatisfaction

37
Q

List the approaches used to improve the quality of work life

A
  • leave the job as is, but employ only people who like a rigid environment and/or routine work
  • leave the job as is, but pay the employees more
  • mechanize and automate the routine jobs
  • redesign the job
38
Q

List the Objectives of motion study and the Techniques used

A

Objectives

  • eliminate unnecessary motions
  • determine the best pattern and sequence of motions
  • combine activities
  • reduce fatigue
  • improve arrangement of the workplace
  • improve design of tools and equipment

Techniques

  • Analysis of elemental motions (Therbligs
  • Micromotion study
  • Simultaneous hand motion (Simo) chart
39
Q

List the 3 Major classes of motion economy principles

A

1) principles for use of the body
2) principles for arrangements of the workplace
3) principles for the design of tools and equipment

40
Q

List the 4 steps involved in completing a stopwatch time study

A

1) Define the task to be studied
2) Determine the number of cycles to observe
3) Time the job
4) Compute the standard time

41
Q

List 3 reasons why a location decision is important

A

1) Infrequent decision
2) Long term commitments and costs
3) Significant impact

42
Q

List 3 reasons to locate/relocate

A

1) Expand capacity
2) Defensive (to protect market share)
3) Decrease costs and improve access to raw materials, power, water, infrastructure, workforce, suppliers, distribution, supply chain partners, and markets

43
Q

List the 6 steps involved in making a location decision

A

1) Decide on the criteria
2) Develop location alternatives
3) Evaluate the alternatives against the criteria
4) make selection
5) Sanity check
6) Prepare business case to explain and justify the selection

44
Q

Calculation question

A

last pages of lecture 6

Operations Management (12 decks)

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