Class 5 E1

Question 1

Aquaporin

Answer 1

transmembrane protein, multimer (tetramer), acts as pore / channel, selectively allows water in / out of cell, has 4 subunits - each w/ pore formed by 6 transmembrane helices.

Question 2

Aquaporin’s interior is?

Answer 2

hydophilic

Question 3

Aquaporins exterior is?

Answer 3

hydrophobic

Question 4

Effects of imbalance of water in cells?

Answer 4

excess - cell bursts.

too little - no hydrolysis / dissolving solutes.

Question 5

Water diffusion is controlled by which 2 things?

Answer 5

1. gating

2. trafficking

Question 6

Gating of channel is controlled by?

Answer 6

phosphorylation, ionization state of R groups; AA modifications.

Question 7

Trafficking of channel to / from PM is in response to?

Answer 7

rain / environmental osmolarity changes.

Question 8

Which AA modifications can control gating?

Answer 8

Ser115 - phosphorylation
HIs193 - pH
Divalent cation

Question 9

chymotrypsin

Answer 9

protease, digestive enzyme, cleaves dietary proteins into peptides.

Question 10

chymotrypsin is produced by?

Answer 10

pancreas

Question 11

chymotrypsin is secreted into the?

Answer 11

intestinal lumen

Question 12

chymotrypsin is composed of?

Answer 12

2 beta-barrels

1 short alpha-helix

Question 13

Which sites does chymotrypsin have?

Answer 13

regulatory and active.

Question 14

protease

Answer 14

enzyme that degrades proteins

Question 15

What is the structure of chymotrypsin?

Answer 15

3 polypeptides linked by disulfide bonds.

Question 16

Protease inhibitors exist to competitively inhibit?

Answer 16

chymotrypsin

Question 17

trypsin

Answer 17

enzyme, inactive precursor that cleaves off inhibitory domain to activate and become chymotrypsin.

Question 18

collagen

Answer 18

structural protein, fibrous,(fibers made of collagen).

Question 19

Where is [collagen]?

Answer 19

muscle, connective tissue.

Question 20

Collagen makes up?

Answer 20

ECM.

Question 21

collagen provides what type of support and strength?

Answer 21

structural, tensile.

Question 22

Collagen composition?

Answer 22

triple helix:
glycine (33%)
proline (16%)
hydroxyproline (16%)

Question 23

What targets the prolines in collagen?

Answer 23

specific collagen prolyl hydroxylase enzymes.

Question 24

Which protein can you get culture plates pre-treated with?

Answer 24

collagen

Question 25

Which AA’s are most likely found in membrane-facing domains of aquaporin?

Answer 25

Gly and Ala.

Question 26

immunoglobulins (Ig)

Answer 26

binding proteins, antibodies.

Question 27

antibodies

Answer 27

large proteins made by immune system, recognize and bind to antigens.

Question 28

autoimmunity

Answer 28

body makes antibodies that recognize YOU.

Question 29

WBC’s respond to?

Answer 29

foreign proteins.

Question 30

WBC’s secrete?

Answer 30

(Ig’s) antibodies that recognize foreign protein.

Question 31

Ig’s act as molecules btw?

Answer 31

foreign molecule (antigen) and immune cells req’d to neutralize it.

Question 32

Antibodies detect?

Answer 32

foreign bacteria / virus’, mark for engulfment by phagocytic cells for destruction.

Question 33

Ig’s structure?

Answer 33

Y

Question 34

Fab domains are?

Answer 34

antigen-specific.

Question 35

Fc domains are?

Answer 35

conserved across antibodies.

Question 36

With the COVID vaccine you make?

Answer 36

antibodies.

Question 37

With Regeneron tx you are given?

Answer 37

supplemental antibodies.

Question 38

Recombination of B cells enables you to?

Answer 38

produce many diff antibodies.

Question 39

What are the steps of recombination?

Answer 39

1. stem cell Ig-encoding of the genomic locus.
2. gene rearrangement to encode a few domains.
3. many combinations of heavy / light chains.

Question 40

In recombination the Fc domain is?

Answer 40

conserved.

Question 41

The spike protein fights against?

Answer 41

all virus antigens.