Class 13 E2

Question 1

Lipids are ___ molecules?

Answer 1

hydrophobic

Question 2

These can move easier than peptide hormones across membranes.

Answer 2

lipids

Question 3

What is stored in lipids?

Answer 3

energy and fat

Question 4

A synonym for lipids.

Answer 4

fat

Question 5

Obesity

Answer 5

excess of storage lipids.

Question 6

What type of lipids are found in cell membranes?

Answer 6

polar

Question 7

Polar lipids contain functional groups that are?

Answer 7

water soluble

Question 8

The water soluble FG’s in polar lipids face both the ___ and ___ in the cell membrane.

Answer 8

cytoplasm (inside) and ECM (outside)

Question 9

Amphipathic (amphiphilic)

Answer 9

contain polar and nonpolar components

Question 10

Phospholipids have ___ and ___ portions.

Answer 10

hydrophilic and hydrophobic

Question 11

What makes up the bulk of plasma membranes?

Answer 11

phospholipids

Question 12

The hydrophilic portions face the interior of ___ or ___.

Answer 12

plasma and other membranes

Question 13

4 examples of lipids

Answer 13

1. estrogen
2. testosterone
   3, glucocorticoids
3. thyroid hormones

Question 14

Many lipids are?

Answer 14

hormones

Question 15

Phospholipids

Answer 15

long chain fatty acids

some steroid hormones

Question 16

Plasma Membrane

Answer 16

asymmetrical bilayer of phospholipids

Question 17

What are 2 specialized micro-domains in plasma membranes?

Answer 17

1. synapses

2. rafts

Question 18

Cholesterol adds ___ to the membranes.

Answer 18

stiffness

Question 19

Asymmetry of bilayers controls?

Answer 19

1. signaling pathways
2. membrane curvature
3. release things from membrane
4. endocytosis to make intracellular vesicles

Question 20

Bilayers

Answer 20

enclose organelles (Golgi, ER, mitochondria -outer/inner, nucleus)

Question 21

An important feature of membranes?

Answer 21

transport across them

Question 22

Membranes are relatively ___ and move things ___ w/i the bilayer.

Answer 22

fluid, laterally

Question 23

The asymmetry of bilayers are from ___ to ___ and ___ the surface of the cell.

Answer 23

top to bottom

across the surface

Question 24

Membranes are permeable to ___, ___, and ___.

Answer 24

O
gaseous N
small ions (dependent on cell type / ion)

Question 25

Membranes can release ___ across the membrane ___ a ___.

Answer 25

CO2 | without a transport

Question 26

Anions (-) and cations (+) need specific ___ and ___ enter / exit the cell.

Answer 26

transports | channels

Question 27

"free" FA's

Answer 27

simple types of lipids

Question 28

There are ___ C to ___ double bond.

Answer 28

16 C : 1 db

Question 29

Double bonds form ___ in FA's and increase ___.

Answer 29

bends | fluidity

Question 30

There is a lot of ___ in C-C bonds.

Answer 30

E

Question 31

Hydrocarbon tails are E rich domains composed of ___ tails.

Answer 31

C-H chain

Question 32

Fluidity is based on?

Answer 32

little spaces where db's are

Question 33

Cholesterol fits in little spaces where ___ are, which have room to move around.

Answer 33

db's

Question 34

Glycerol (glycerin)

Answer 34

common backbone for complex lipids.

Question 35

What is a common feature in phospholipids / lipids?

Answer 35

glycerol

Question 36

This is the basis of a lot of lipids which you can form complex lipids from.

Answer 36

glycerol

Question 37

___ and ___ typically make up phospholipids like triacylglycerol?

Answer 37

FA hydrocarbon chains | ethyl groups

Question 38

OH are converted to ___ in complex lipids.

Answer 38

ethers

Question 39

Triacylglycerol has ___ FA chains (hydrophobic regions) ___ to the bacbone.

Answer 39

3 | esterified

Question 40

Complex Lipids

Answer 40

1. Glycerophospholipids 2. Ether lipids 3. Sphingolipids 4. Wax esters 5. Cholesterol

Question 41

Complex Lipids: Glycerophospholipids (phospholipids)

Answer 41

glycerol backbone | phosphodiester-linked group

Question 42

Complex Lipids: Ether Lipids

Answer 42

glycerol w/ ether-linked acyl chains

Question 43

Complex Lipids: Sphingolipids

Answer 43

sphingosine backbone

Question 44

Complex Lipids: Wax Lipids

Answer 44

2 long acyl chains w/ an ester

Question 45

Complex Lipids: Cholesterol

Answer 45

doesn't have long acyl chain | important sterol / steroid

Question 46

Cholesterol Structure

Answer 46

has an OH CH chain faces aq side Giant ring structure

Question 47

The ring structure of ___ is embedded in the ___ portion of membranes.

Answer 47

cholesterol | hydrophobic

Question 48

If you ___ cholesterol you ___ membrane fluidity.

Answer 48

increase | decrease

Question 49

Cholesterol esters aren't technically esters but they have a ___ chain.

Answer 49

long acyl

Question 50

Cholesterol esters

Answer 50

storage lipid in fat | takes on additional fatty acyl groups.

Question 51

Amphipathic / amphiphilic interfaces contain a ___ plasma membrane lipid bilayer and a ___ area in contact w/ the cell.

Answer 51

hydrophobic | hydrophilic

Question 52

The variety of phospholipid ___ ___ give diversity to the phospholipids that make up the membrane.

Answer 52

head groups

Question 53

Phospholipid head groups are exposed to the ___.

Answer 53

cytoplasm

Question 54

Phospholipid head groups can?

Answer 54

1. recruit diff proteins / enzymes from inside cell to interact w/ domains differently. 2. participate in signal transduction

Question 55

-ate ending signifies

Answer 55

-ic acid

Question 56

The length of the chain determines the

Answer 56

thickness of the membrane

Question 57

These 3 things determine what will happen at the membrane.

Answer 57

1. Length 2. Saturation 3. Head Groups

Question 58

phosphatidate

Answer 58

phosphatidic acid

Question 59

If there is a double bond in a chain it's ___ and doesn't form a ___ because it's a ___ fatty acid.

Answer 59

unsaturated bilayer free

Question 60

7 Transmembrane domain receptor

Answer 60

an integral receptor, ditopic. Contains 7 alpha helices/ | Example: G-protein coupled receptor.

Question 61

Osmosis vs Diffusion

Answer 61

Diffusion is JUST the movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration. Solute and Solvent move. Osmosis is when a semipermeable membrane only allows the solvent move.

Question 62

Lipid raft composition + Usage

Answer 62

Composed of cholesterol and sphingolipids. Used for signaling and tethering cell membrane.