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Biochemistry > Class 13 E2 > Flashcards

Class 13 E2 Flashcards

1
Q

Lipids are ___ molecules?

A

hydrophobic

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2
Q

These can move easier than peptide hormones across membranes.

A

lipids

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3
Q

What is stored in lipids?

A

energy and fat

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4
Q

A synonym for lipids.

A

fat

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5
Q

Obesity

A

excess of storage lipids.

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6
Q

What type of lipids are found in cell membranes?

A

polar

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7
Q

Polar lipids contain functional groups that are?

A

water soluble

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8
Q

The water soluble FG’s in polar lipids face both the ___ and ___ in the cell membrane.

A

cytoplasm (inside) and ECM (outside)

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9
Q

Amphipathic (amphiphilic)

A

contain polar and nonpolar components

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10
Q

Phospholipids have ___ and ___ portions.

A

hydrophilic and hydrophobic

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11
Q

What makes up the bulk of plasma membranes?

A

phospholipids

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12
Q

The hydrophilic portions face the interior of ___ or ___.

A

plasma and other membranes

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13
Q

4 examples of lipids

A
  1. estrogen
  2. testosterone
    3, glucocorticoids
  3. thyroid hormones
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14
Q

Many lipids are?

A

hormones

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15
Q

Phospholipids

A

long chain fatty acids

some steroid hormones

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16
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

asymmetrical bilayer of phospholipids

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17
Q

What are 2 specialized micro-domains in plasma membranes?

A
  1. synapses

2. rafts

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18
Q

Cholesterol adds ___ to the membranes.

A

stiffness

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19
Q

Asymmetry of bilayers controls?

A
  1. signaling pathways
  2. membrane curvature
  3. release things from membrane
  4. endocytosis to make intracellular vesicles
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20
Q

Bilayers

A

enclose organelles (Golgi, ER, mitochondria -outer/inner, nucleus)

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21
Q

An important feature of membranes?

A

transport across them

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22
Q

Membranes are relatively ___ and move things ___ w/i the bilayer.

A

fluid, laterally

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23
Q

The asymmetry of bilayers are from ___ to ___ and ___ the surface of the cell.

A

top to bottom

across the surface

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24
Q

Membranes are permeable to ___, ___, and ___.

A

O
gaseous N
small ions (dependent on cell type / ion)

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25
Q

Membranes can release ___ across the membrane ___ a ___.

A

CO2

without a transport

26
Q

Anions (-) and cations (+) need specific ___ and ___ enter / exit the cell.

A

transports

channels

27
Q

“free” FA’s

A

simple types of lipids

28
Q

There are ___ C to ___ double bond.

A

16 C : 1 db

29
Q

Double bonds form ___ in FA’s and increase ___.

A

bends

fluidity

30
Q

There is a lot of ___ in C-C bonds.

A

E

31
Q

Hydrocarbon tails are E rich domains composed of ___ tails.

A

C-H chain

32
Q

Fluidity is based on?

A

little spaces where db’s are

33
Q

Cholesterol fits in little spaces where ___ are, which have room to move around.

A

db’s

34
Q

Glycerol (glycerin)

A

common backbone for complex lipids.

35
Q

What is a common feature in phospholipids / lipids?

A

glycerol

36
Q

This is the basis of a lot of lipids which you can form complex lipids from.

A

glycerol

37
Q

___ and ___ typically make up phospholipids like triacylglycerol?

A

FA hydrocarbon chains

ethyl groups

38
Q

OH are converted to ___ in complex lipids.

A

ethers

39
Q

Triacylglycerol has ___ FA chains (hydrophobic regions) ___ to the bacbone.

A

3

esterified

40
Q

Complex Lipids

A
  1. Glycerophospholipids
  2. Ether lipids
  3. Sphingolipids
  4. Wax esters
  5. Cholesterol
41
Q

Complex Lipids: Glycerophospholipids (phospholipids)

A

glycerol backbone

phosphodiester-linked group

42
Q

Complex Lipids: Ether Lipids

A

glycerol w/ ether-linked acyl chains

43
Q

Complex Lipids: Sphingolipids

A

sphingosine backbone

44
Q

Complex Lipids: Wax Lipids

A

2 long acyl chains w/ an ester

45
Q

Complex Lipids: Cholesterol

A

doesn’t have long acyl chain

important sterol / steroid

46
Q

Cholesterol Structure

A

has an OH
CH chain faces aq side
Giant ring structure

47
Q

The ring structure of ___ is embedded in the ___ portion of membranes.

A

cholesterol

hydrophobic

48
Q

If you ___ cholesterol you ___ membrane fluidity.

A

increase

decrease

49
Q

Cholesterol esters aren’t technically esters but they have a ___ chain.

A

long acyl

50
Q

Cholesterol esters

A

storage lipid in fat

takes on additional fatty acyl groups.

51
Q

Amphipathic / amphiphilic interfaces contain a ___ plasma membrane lipid bilayer and a ___ area in contact w/ the cell.

A

hydrophobic

hydrophilic

52
Q

The variety of phospholipid ___ ___ give diversity to the phospholipids that make up the membrane.

A

head groups

53
Q

Phospholipid head groups are exposed to the ___.

A

cytoplasm

54
Q

Phospholipid head groups can?

A
  1. recruit diff proteins / enzymes from inside cell to interact w/ domains differently.
  2. participate in signal transduction
55
Q

-ate ending signifies

A

-ic acid

56
Q

The length of the chain determines the

A

thickness of the membrane

57
Q

These 3 things determine what will happen at the membrane.

A
  1. Length
  2. Saturation
  3. Head Groups
58
Q

phosphatidate

A

phosphatidic acid

59
Q

If there is a double bond in a chain it’s ___ and doesn’t form a ___ because it’s a ___ fatty acid.

A

unsaturated
bilayer
free

60
Q

7 Transmembrane domain receptor

A

an integral receptor, ditopic. Contains 7 alpha helices/

Example: G-protein coupled receptor.

61
Q

Osmosis vs Diffusion

A

Diffusion is JUST the movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration. Solute and Solvent move.
Osmosis is when a semipermeable membrane only allows the solvent move.

62
Q

Lipid raft composition + Usage

A

Composed of cholesterol and sphingolipids. Used for signaling and tethering cell membrane.

Biochemistry (10 decks)

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