Class 5 Flashcards
language
system for communicating with others using signals that are combined according to rules of grammar and that convey meaning
grammar
set of rules that specify how the units of language can be combined to produce meaningful messages
phoneme
smallest unit of sound that is recognizeable as speech rather than as random noise
phonological rules
set of rules that indicate how phonemes can be combined to produce speech sounds
morphemes
smallest meaningful units of language
morphological rules
set of rules that indicate how morphemes can be combined to form words
content morphemes
refer to things and events (cat, dog, take)
function morphemes
serve grammatical functions (and, or) and indicate time (when)
syntactical rules
set of rules that indicate how words can be combined to form phrases and sentences
deep structure
the meaning of a sentence
surface structure
how a sentence is worded
fun facts
childrens passive mastery of language develops faster than their active mastery
language is harder to learn after puberty
nativist does not explain how language develops only why
language has inifinite property; it is generative
interactionist: although children are born with an innate ability to acquire language, social interactions play a crucial role in language
molding: process of manipulating the apes hands to teach language
fast mapping
process whereby children can map a word onto an underlying concept after only a single exposure
telegraphic speech
speech that is devoid of functino morephemes and consists mostly of content words
arguments against behaviorist language
parents don’t spend time teaching grammar
children generate more grammatical sentences than they hear
does not predict overgeneralizations
nativist thory
language development is best explained as innate, biological capacity
Language acquisition device (LAD)
collection of processes that facilitate language learning
genetic dysphasia
syndrome characterized by inability to learn grammatical structure of language despite having otherwise normal intelligence
phoronology
specifies speech sounds of a language;pronuncation rules
syntax
combining words of language
pidgin v creole languages
pdigin: weak syntactic; no tenses; inconsistent word order;
crole” complex syntactic structure; consistent; tenses (true languages created in one generation)
sounds: different speakers of same language sound difference (no discrete invariant segment)
no silence between words
more fun
context effect
top down processing or phonemic restoration (expectations and knowledge); we can figure out what someone is saying even if we do not hear the entire sound (the coffee thing)
McGurk Effect
ba/ga/da shit
auditory and visual syllables can combine to produce a new perceived syallble
aphasia
difficulty in producing or comprehending language
broca: do not use grammatical structure when they speak
wernicke: strong grammatical structure, but meaningless words
linguistic relativity hypothesis
proposal that language shapes nature of thought
