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MOA 102 Pharmacology > Class 5 > Flashcards

Class 5 Flashcards

1
Q

alendronate

A

Anti-osteoporosis

Fosamax

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2
Q

denosumab

A

Anti-osteoporosis

Prolia

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3
Q

Fosamax

A

alendronate

Anti-osteoporosis

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4
Q

Prolia

A

denosumab

Anti-osteoporosis

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5
Q

ACE Inhibitor

A

Hypertension (HT)

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6
Q

Beta Blocker

A

Hypertension (HT)

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7
Q

Diuretic

A

Hypertension (HT)

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8
Q

Calcium Chanel Blocker

A

Hypertension (HT)

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9
Q

ramipril

A

Hypertension (HT)

ACE Inhibitor

Altace

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10
Q

Altace

A

ramipril

Ace inhibitor

Hypertension (HT)

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11
Q

atenolol

A

Hypertension (HT)

Beta Blocker

Tenormin

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12
Q

Tenormin

A

atenolol

Beta Blocker

Hypertension (HT)

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13
Q

metoprolol

A

Hypertension (HT)

Beta Blocker

Lopressor

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14
Q

HCTZ

A

hydrochlorothiazide

Hydro-Chloro-Thia-Zide

Hypertension (HT)

Diuretic

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15
Q

amlodipine

A

Hypertension (HT)

Calcium Chanel Blocker

Norvasc

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16
Q

Norvasc

A

amlodipine

Calcium Channel Blocker

Hypertension (HT)

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17
Q

atrovastatin

A

Statin or cholesterol lowering

Lipitor

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18
Q

Lipitor

A

atorvastatin

Statin or cholesterol lowering

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19
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

Endocrine

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20
Q

levothyroxine

A

Endocrine

Synthroid

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21
Q

Estrogen

A

Endocrine

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22
Q

Premarin

A

Estrogen

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23
Q

estradiol

A

Estrogen

Estrace

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24
Q

Estrace

A

estradiol

Estrogen

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25
Q

Vagifem

A

estradiol vaginal inserts

Estrogen

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26
Q

What do cardiovascular drugs do?

A

Act on heart or blood vessels to treat things like hypertension, angina, and myocardial infarction

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27
Q

What are 4 contributing factors of hypertension?

A
  1. Obesity
  2. Lack of exercise
  3. Excess dietary salt
  4. Old age
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28
Q

What is secondary hypertension?

A

When clinical history of that contributes to hypertension

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29
Q

What are 3 examples of clinical histories that cause secondary hyper tension?

A
  1. Atherosclerosis
  2. Vasculitis
  3. Anything that reduces blood flow to the kidneys
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30
Q

Name 5 common symptoms of hypertension.

A
  1. Headaches
  2. Fatigue
  3. Nose bleeds
  4. Chest pains
  5. irregular heartbeat
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31
Q

What does ACE stand for in ACE inhibitors?

A

Angiotensin-converting enzyme

32
Q

How do ACE inhibitors work?

A

Dilating blood vessels to increase the amount of blood pumped by the heart, while also lowering blood pressure.

33
Q

What is the common suffix for ACE inhibitors?

A

-pril

34
Q

How do beta blockers work?

A

By making the heart beat slower and less forcefully

This lowers blood pressure

35
Q

What is the typical beta blocker suffix?

A

-olol

36
Q

How do calcium channel blockers work?

A

By relaxing and widening the arterial blood vessel walls.

Some also slow heart rate.

37
Q

What is the typical calcium channel blocker suffix?

A

-pine

38
Q

How do diuretics work?

A

They help rid the body of salt and water.

Most of them help kidneys release more sodium. The sodium takes water with it and reduces the amount of fluid in the veins.

39
Q

What is the most common type of medication used to treat hypertension (HT)?

A

Diuretics

40
Q

What is a layman’s term (or common name) for diuretic?

A

Water pill

41
Q

What is the most common diuretic?

A

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

42
Q

What is the abbreviation for hydrochlorothiazide?

A

HCTZ

43
Q

What does HTCZ stand for?

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

44
Q

What are two two abbreviations for congestive heart failure?

A

CHF

HF

45
Q

What causes congestive heart failure (CHF, HF)?

A

Damaged or weakened heart.

46
Q

How does a damage or weakened heart lead to congestive heart failure (CHF, HF)?

A

The damaged or weakened heart is no longer strong enough to move blood around the body.

47
Q

What does CAD stand for?

A

Coronary Artery Disease

48
Q

What causes coronary artery disease?

A

Plaque build up in the walls of the arteries.

49
Q

What is atrial fibrillation?

A

Irregular heart rhythm

50
Q

What is hypertension?

A

High blood pressure

51
Q

What does BP stand for?

A

Blood Pressure

52
Q

What is the basic function of the endocrine system?

A

To release hormones into the blood.

53
Q

What are 5 things that hormones help control?

A
  1. Mood
  2. Growth and development
  3. How are organs work
  4. metabolism
  5. Reproduction
54
Q

Endocrine glands are…..

A

…. ductless glands that release hormones directly into the blood stream.

55
Q

Name the 4 primary endocrine glands.

A
  1. Pituitary
  2. Thyroid
  3. Parathyroid
  4. Adrenal glands
56
Q

What are the two types of endocrine disorders?

A
  1. When a gland produces too much or too little hormone.
  2. When there is a physiological problem with the gland, such as tumors or lesions or a developmental issue, that may or may not affect hormone levels.
57
Q

Name 4 of the most common endocrine disorders.

A
  1. Diabetes Mellitus
  2. Adrenal insufficiency
  3. Hypothyroidism
  4. Hyperthyroidism
58
Q

What is diabetes mellitus?

A

When the body does not produce enough insulin or the body has become insulin resistant causing high blood sugar.

59
Q

What is hypothyroidism?

A

When the thyroid does not produce enough thyroid hormone.

60
Q

What are 4 common symptoms of hypothyroidism?

A
  1. Fatigue
  2. Constipation
  3. Dry skin
  4. Depression
61
Q

What is the most common treatment for hypothyroidism?

A

Synthroid, levothyroxine

62
Q

What is adrenal insufficiency?

A

When the adrenal glands release too little cortisol and sometimes aldosterone.

63
Q

What are 4 common symptoms of adrenal insufficiency?

A
  1. Fatigue
  2. Stomach upset
  3. Dehydration
  4. Skin changes
64
Q

What medication replaces cortisol?

A

Hydrocortisone

65
Q

What is hyperthyroidism?

A

When the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone.

66
Q

What are 4 common symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

A
  1. Weight loss
  2. Fast heart rate
  3. Sweating
  4. Nervousness
67
Q

What is the most common cause of an over active thyroid?

A

Graves disease

68
Q

What is the most common treatment for hyperthyroidism?

A

Tapazole

69
Q

What does a THS blood test measure?

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone

70
Q

High levels of thyroxine and low levels of TSH indicate…

A

… overactive thyroid.

71
Q

TSH signals the thyroid gland to do what?

A

Produce more thyroxine

72
Q

What is THS?

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

73
Q

What is estrogen used for?

A

To treat the symptoms of menopause.

74
Q

How do anti-osteoporosis drugs work?

A

By slowing down the rate at which bones break down.

75
Q

How often is Prolia injected?

A

Twice a year

MOA 102 Pharmacology (6 decks)

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