Class 2 Flashcards
What is the root of administration?
The method in which a drug enters the body.
Why is the root of administration important?
Determines:
rate and completion of absorption into the blood stream
the speed of the drugs action in the body
Oral (po)
taken by mouth
absorbed through blood stream via digestive system
Types of oral medication
capsule
pill
liquid
tablet
Sublingual (SL, sl)
under the tongue and must be retained until dissolved
Absorbed slowly into the bloodstream
Inhalation
Nasal or oral respiration
Normally used for respiratory illness
Topical
applied to skin or mucus membranes
Types of topical medication
balms creams oils ointment lotion powders sprays patches or any other product that can be applied to the skin
Rectal Administration (pr)
suppositories or aqueous solutions
Ophthalmic Preparations
Isolated treatment of the eye
drops (gtt)
ointments
eye irrigation
Parenteral administration
Given by means of injection
Normally faster than any oral
Intradermal Injection
Given in the upper layers of the skin
Subcutaneous Injection (sc)
Also called hypodermic
Given in subcutaneous layer of the skin
Normally outer surface of the arm
Intramuscular Injection (IM)
Given in the muscle. Normally buttock or thigh
Intravenous Injection (IV)
Given directly into the vein
Given when immediate effect of drug is desired
Ampoule (amp)
Small glass vial sealed to keep contents sterile; preparations are used for subcutaneous, intramuscular, & intravenous medications.
Aerosols
Active pharmaceutical agents in a pressurized container
Capsule (cap)
Special container made of gelatin for a single dose of the drug.
The enclosure prevents the patient from tasting the drug
Compound (comp.)
Two or more chemicals united chemically into one substance.
Aqueous suspension
Fine-particle drug suspended in liquid
Elixir, (exil), (oral)
A sweetened aromatic, hydro-alcoholic liquid used in the compounding of oral medications. Elixirs constitute one of the most commonly used types of medical preparations taken orally in liquid form.
Emulsions
Suspensions of fat globules in water, or water globules in fat, with an emulsifying agent.
Enteric Coated (EC)
A coating on a drug which permits it to pass through the stomach, then releasing when it gets the alkaline environment of the intestines.
Eye Drops (gtt)
Liquid medication placed in eye
Gels
aqueous suspension of insoluble drugs in hydrated form
Gavage
Introducing of liquid food into the stomach by way of nasogastric intubation (NG tube) placed either through nose or mouth
Inhaler
Device for delivering inhaled medication
Irrigating Solutions (Lavages)
The cleaning of a wound using or cavity using water or a solution
Lineament
Mixture of drug with, oil, alcohol, soap or water used to rub on for external application
Lozenge
Medical tablet or disk that dissolves in the mouth
Ointment
Medicated fatty, soft, substance. Used for healing, antiseptic, or cosmetics. Can have a base of lard, lanolin, or petroleum jelly.
Placebo
An inactive substance with no medicinal benefits, used in controlled drug trials.
Powders
Single-dose quantities of a drug or mixture of drug in powder form, wrapped in powder paper.
Solutions
Aqueous liquid preparation containing one or more agents completely dissolved
Suppository (supp)
A drug in solid form, introduced to the urethra, rectum or vagina, to dissolve in body temperature.
Syrup
Concentration of sugar in water. Does not have much drug.
Tablet (tab)
single dose powders compressed with a mold
Topical
direct application of medication to the skin, eyes or ears
Tincture (tr, tinct.)
Non-volatile substance dissolved in alcohol or hydro-alcohol
Vial
small glass bottle for medication
