Class 4 Chronic Illness and pain Flashcards
What are the presenting symptoms of type 1 diabetes
-Hyperglycemia
-polyphagia (constantly hungry)
-Polydipsia (constantly thirsty)
-polyuria (excessive peeing)
what is a primary test that can be used to confirm the presence of diabetes
Elevated fasting blood glucose levels
What does a glucose tolerance test assess for
assessed insulin response to glucose
typically how old does a child have to be before they can start using an insulin pump
usually have to be 7 and older
What can cause DKA
-Inadequate insulin
-Excess CHO intake
What are some signs and symptoms of DKA
-BG levels above 11
-The three P’s
-Abdo pain
-Change in LOC
-Fruity odor to breath
-Kussmaul’s respirations
What is the biggest indicator of DKA
Decreased LOC
what lab values would indicate DKA
-Hyperglycemia
-Ketonuria
-Low serum Bicarb
-Decreased CO2
-Low PH
-hypertonic dehydration
what are the general principles of palliative care for children
-Simultaneous care (Curative and palliative care)
-Family centered approach
-Interdisciplinary team
-Ongoing assessment
what is the role of the nurse in pediatric palliative care
-Recognizing child’s needs
-Emotional spiritual support
-Facilitate advanced planning
-pain and symptom management
what are the main systems/organs that pain can negatively effect
-Endocrine system
-Immune system
-Pulmonary expansion and atelectasis
-Cardio system (elevated heart rate BP and O2 consumption)
when do children start to be able to locate pain sites
at around 3 years and older
What are the principles of a pediatric pain assessment
-Question the child (ask in an age appropriate way about pain)
-Use a pain rating scale
-Evaluate behaviour and physiological changes
-Secure parents involvement
-Take cause of pain into account
-Take action and evaluate results
How do infants show that they are in pain
-Crying
-grimacing
-Increased muscle tone
-poor feeding
-Sleep disturbances
what is one reason it is hard to access pain in toddlers
they tend to exhibit the same reaction regardless of the severity of the pain
which age group might blame themselves for pain because of their concrete way of thinking
School aged children
which age group might downplay their pain due to concerns about appearing week or different
Adolescents
when can children typically start using numeric pain scales
around 8 (school age)
what aspects do you have to access before you can use a numeric pain scale
-Language skills
-Sequencing ability
-Ability to follow directions
-Ability to answer and understand questions
What does FLACC stand for
Face, Legs, Activity, Crying, Consolability
What is the FLACC scale and what age is it used for
2 months-7 years of age or older if they are developmentally delayed
What age can utilize the wong baker faces scale
children 3 years and older that can communicate pain levels visually
what age uses the NIPS pain scale
from birth to 1 year of age
what age is the OUCHER pain scale used for
usually for children 3-12
