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329 Peds > Class 2 Resps > Flashcards

Class 2 Resps Flashcards

1
Q

when does the resp system of the child mature

A

matures at around 8 and fully matures by age 12

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2
Q

What are the key differences between the adult and child respiratory tract

A

-Small nares
-Large tongues
-Floppy Epiglottis
-Smaller airways
-underdeveloped muscles

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3
Q

What are the most important elements of a pediatric respiratory assessment

A

-Observation
-Rate
-Effort
-Sounds
-O2 Sats

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4
Q

what should the resp rate be for a newborn to 6 months

A

30-60

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5
Q

What should the resp rate be for a child 6 months to 2 yrs

A

25-30

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6
Q

what should the resp rate be for a child 3-10 yrs old

A

20-28

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7
Q

what should the resp rate be for a child above 10 yrs

A

12-20

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8
Q

childs do have irregular resp rates but when is it considered apnea in a child

A

if they hold their breath for longer the 20 sec

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9
Q

What is croup

A

An infection of the upper airway that causes a barking cough; can be the result of many different viruses

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10
Q

Is croup usually caused by bacteria or virus

A

Usually viral

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11
Q

What is the most common cause of mild croup

A

Viral spasmodic laryngitis

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12
Q

What is the most common cause of moderate to severe cases of croup

A

laryngotracheobronchitis

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13
Q

How are mild cases of croup treated

A

-breathing cool air so can take the child outdoors at night
-comfort care
-fluids
(Nothing to specific since its viral and not that serious so can just provide comfort and wait)

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14
Q

How are severe cases of croup treated

A

-IV fluids (since they probably won’t be able to drink)
-Corticosteroids
-Supplemental O2
-Nebulized epi

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15
Q

What is the most common cause of epiglottitis

A

H. influenzae type B BACTERIA

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16
Q

What are the 4 cardinal signs of epiglottitis

A

-Drooling
-Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing
-Dysphonia (trouble talking)
-Distress

17
Q

What are components of treatment for epiglottitis

A

-Steroids
-Antibiotics
-1:1 nursing since they are relatively unstable

18
Q

How do you confirm a diagnosis of epiglottitis

A

X-ray

19
Q

is epiglottitis a medical emergency

A

Yes

20
Q

Could you leave a child alone who has epiglottitis

A

NO they have to be constantly monitored since they are so unstable

21
Q

What is bronchiolitis

A

Viral infection of the lower airways which causes the bronchioles to swell and fill with mucus which results in coughing and wheezing

22
Q

what age group is most susceptible to bronchiolitis

A

usually in children under 2 and mostly between the ages of 3-6 months

23
Q

what is the virus that most commonly causes bronchiolitis

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

24
Q

how long does bronchiolitis usually last for and when is its peak

A

lasts for about 8-15 days and peaks at around 7

25
Q

what is the leading cause of pneumonia in infants

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

26
Q

What is one way to prevent RSV and for how long can it provide extra protection

A

A medication called synagis which contains RSV specific antibodies can be administered to immunodeficient children and can help them fight off an infection for up to 30 days

27
Q

how is RSV spread

A

by respiratory secretions

28
Q

are bronchodilators or corticosteroids effective in treating RSV

A

No

29
Q

when is a child considered febrile

A

at or above 38

30
Q

are fevers usually caused by viruses or bacteria?

A

usually caused by viruses

31
Q

what are the 3 characteristics of asthma

A

-Inflammation
-Excess mucus production
-Smooth muscle spasms and constricting

32
Q

what are 4 very common symptoms of asthma

A

-Wheezes
-Coughing
-SOB
-Chest tightness

33
Q

what medications would be used to treat an acute episode of asthma

A

-Beta2 agonists/Salbutamol
- Anticholinergic bronchodilators/atrovent

34
Q

What meds would be used in the long term management of asthma

A

-Inhaled/oral steroids
-salmeterol (long acting bronchodilator

35
Q

is tachypnea a late or early stage of respiratory distress

A

Early sign

36
Q

Is decreased O2 and increased CO2 a late or early stage of respiratory distress

A

Late sign

329 Peds (5 decks)

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