Class #3 Fluids and Electrolytes Flashcards
what are the physiological differences between adults and children that impact their fluid and electrolyte needs
-Higher proportion of extracellular fluid
-Faster metabolic rate
-less developed kidney and immune function
-They are fully dependant on caregiver for fluids
when do children start to be able to concentrate urine
Around 2 years
what factors would increase a child’s fluid needs
-the younger they are the more fluids they need
-Infection/fever
-Elevated resp rate
-Vomiting/diarrhea
What would decrease a child’s need for fluids
-Heart conditions
-Kidney conditions
-Neurological conditions (don’t want to increase ICP)
-Fluid overload
what is normal urine output for children
0.5-1 mL/kg/hr
What is the fluid requirement per hr for a child below 10 kg
4 mL/kg/hr
what is the fluid requirement per hour for a child that is 10-20 kg
2 mL/kg/hr for every kg over 10 kg
what is the fluid requirement per hour for a child that is 20+ kg
1 mL/kg/hr for every kg over 20 kg
Why is dimenhydrinate not normally used in kids when they are nauseous
Because of the sedating effect and it can cause them to become more dehydrated since they are always asleep
what are some signs that a baby may be ready for solid food
-when they can sit up and have good head and neck control
-when they become interested in food
-When they start to mimic eating behaviours
-Extrusion reflex goes away
What is the extrusion reflex
Also called tongue thrust and its when the tip of the tongue is touched there tongue will thrust out of their mouth to push the object out
If a baby is breastfed or on formula what vitamin supplement is very important to take and why
Vit D supplement since breastmilk and formula are both low in Vit D
When do kids typically stop breastfeeding
Around 2 years
what should a babies first food be
Iron fortified infant cereals
If you were feeding your baby both breastmilk and food which would you feed it first
Feed breast milk or formula first and then follow with small amount of the food
What should you mix the cereal with to provide a better texture for babies that are just beginning to eat
Breastmilk or formula never water since breastmilk and formula have more nutrients
when should you try self feeding with a baby
around 9-12 months
At 6-8 months what type of food should the baby be eating
Well cooked mashed fruits and veg
at 7-10 months what type of food should a baby be eating
Chopped cooked vegetables and fruits can have larger pieces of soft foods like bread
at 10-12 months what type of food should a baby be eating
cut up cooked and raw foods
when should a baby be introduced to wheat
at around 7-10 months
when can pasteurized milk be introduced to a baby
at and after 12 months
what percentile of height and weight on a growth chart would indicate FTT
height and weight below the 5th percentile would indicate FTT
what percentile of weight on a growth chart would indicate obesity in a child
if they were above the 97th percentile on a weight chart
