Class 4 Flashcards by Jonathan Clark

Test 4.1 Question

Answer

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The commisioner shall appoint __________ each member of the license board: (Admin. code 2014 — 107, 28-417.1)

Annually

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The Master Fire Suppression Piping Contractors and License Master Plumbers Licensing Board can make recommendations: ( Admin. code 2014 — 107, 28-417.1)

To advise the commissioner regarding the character and fitness of applicants for certificates of competence and licenses who have passed the required examination / To advise the commissioner regarding the allegations of illegal practices on the part of licensed master plumbers, licensed master fire suppression piping contractors, master plumber businesses or master fire suppression piping business / to advise the commissioner regarding plumbing and suppression piping codes, code applications, regulations and legislation

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The commissioner may request the license board to: (Admin. code 2014 — 107, 28-417.1)

To perform such other responsibilities as may be requested by the commissioner and as set forth in rules promulgated by the department / Approve his request to remove a member of the license board/ Approve his request to fill any vacancy therein

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How many fire suppression piping contractors who held a class “A” license are members of the licensing board: Admin. code 2015 — 107, 28-417.1)

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How many fire suppression piping contractors who held a class “B” license are members of the licensing board: Adm. Code 2015 — 107, 28-417.1)

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How many Licensed master plumbers are selected to serve on the licensing board: (Adm. Code 2015, 107, 28-417.1)

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An assessment of the internal condition of fire protection system piping shall be conducted for possible sources of materials that could pause pipe blockage, at minimum of every: (NFPA 25, 2014 — 25-63, 14.2.1.1)

5-Years

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What source of material are we looking for that causes the blockage of fire suppression piping: (NFPA 25, 2014 — 25-63, 14.2.1.1)

Foreign organic / Inorganic material

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If an obstruction investigation indicates the presence of sufficient material to obstruct pipe or sprinkler, a complete flushing program shall be conducted by: (NFPA 25, 2014 — 25- 63, 14.3.3*)

Qualified personnel

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Only new water mist nozzles shall be used to replace existing water mist nozzles. A supply of spare water mist nozzles never fewer than: (NFPA 25, 2014 — 25-53, 12.2.2.2, 12.2.2.3*)

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For the approval of sprinkler systems and private service mains, the installing contractor shall do the following: (NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-221, 24.1(1),(2) & (3) )

Notify the authority having jurisdiction and the property owner or the property owner’s authorized representative of the time and date testing will be performed / perform all required acceptance tests / complete and sign the appropriate contractors’ material and test certificate

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Portions of systems normally subjected to system working pressures in excess of 150 psi (10.4 bar) shall be tested as described in 24.2.1.1, at a pressure of ______ in excess of system working pressure: (NFPA 13,2007 — 13-221, 24.2.1.2)

50-psi

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All licenses issued by the commissioner of Buildings for which examination is required shall expire three years from the date of issuance thereof, and may be renewed every ______ thereafter without examination. All licenses not requiring an examination shall expire ____ year from the date of issuance thereof and may be renewed each year thereafter. (adm. code 2014, page 89, 28-401.11)

3-years, one

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The initial fee required to receive a Master fire suppression piping contractor (class A, B or C) license (certificate of competence): (Amd. code 2014 — 91, 28-401.15, Schedule of fees)

$200

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A standpipe to which a sprinkler system is connected or is being connected: (Adm. code 2014 — 87, 28-401.3)

Combined standpipe system

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The installation, maintenance, repair, modification, extension, or alteration or testing of a fire suppression piping system in any building in the city of New York: (Adm. code 2014 — 87, 28-401.3)

Fire suppression piping work

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Escutcheons and cover-plates for recessed, flush, and concealed sprinklers: (NFPA 25-2014 — 25-15, 5.2.1.1.6)

Be replaced if found missing during inspection

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The commissioner shall have the power to suspend or revoke a license or certificate of competence and/or to impose a fine not to exceed twenty-five thousand dollars for each finding of violation, and/or to order any holder thereof to repair damage resulting from any act or omission as set forth in this chapter or in rules, for any of the following: (Adm, code 2014 — 92, 28-401.19)

Fraud or deceit in obtaining or renewing a license, plate or seal, certificate of competence, certification, registration, or permit / The making of a material false or misleading statement or any form or report filed with the department or other governmental entity / the failure to file its statement, report or form required by law to be filed.

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Any sprinkler that shows any signs of any of the following shall be replaced: (NFPA 25,2014 —- 25-15, 5.2.1.1.2)

Leakage, *Corrosion, Physical damage / Loss of fluid in the glass bulb heat- responsive element / Loading, painting unless painted by the sprinkler manufacturer

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Legally required precautions shall be taken prior to entering confined spaces such as: (NFPA 25, 2014 — 25-15, 4.9.2)

Tanks / Valve pits / Trenches

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The property owner or designated representative shall advise anyone performing inspection, testing and maintenance on any system under the scope of NFPA-25, with regard to: (NFPA 25,2014 — 25-15, 4.9.5.2)

Hazardous material stored on the premises

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Any sprinkler that has been installed in the incorrect orientation shall be corrected by repositioning the branch-line,drop or sprig or: (NFPA 25, 2014 — 25-15, 5.2.1.1.3)

Shall be replaced

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Sprinkler installed in concealed spaces such as above suspended ceilings during routine inspection, testing, and maintenance shall: (NFPA 25,2014 — 25-15, 5.2.1.1.4)

Not require inspection

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Sprinklers installed in areas that are inaccessible for safety consideration due to process orientations shall be inspected: (NFPA 25-15, 2014 — 15-15, 5.2.2.2.5)

During each schedule shutdown

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Escutcheons for pendent sprinklers that are not recessed, flush, or concealed shall:(NFPA 25, 2014 —- 25-15, 5.2.1.1.7)

Not be required to be replaced if found missing during the inspection

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Where cold weather will not permit testing with water: (NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-221, 124.2.1.3)

An interim air test shall be permitted to be conducted

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Modification affecting ____ or fewer sprinklers shall not require testing in excess of system working pressure: (NFPA 13,2007 — 13-225, 24.2.1.4)

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Where addition or modification is made to an existing sprinkler system affecting more than ____ sprinklers, the new portion shall be isolated and tested at not less than ____ psi for 2-hours: (NFPA 13,2007 — 13-225,24.2.1.5)

20, 200

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Modifications that cannot b isolated,such as relocated drops: (NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-225, 24.2.1.6)

Shall not require testing in excess of system working pressure

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When testing loss in a sprinkler system it shall be determined by: (NFPA 13,2007 — 13-225, 24.2.1.7)

A drop-in gauge pressure / visual leak

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When testing a sprinkler system, the test pressure shall be read from the gauge located at the: (NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-225, 24.2.1.8)

Low elevation point, of the system / Portion being tested

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Additives such as sodium silicate, brine, or other chemicals used to stop leaks: (NFA 13,2007 — 13-225, 24.2.1.9*)

Shall not be used while hydrostatically testing systems

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Piping between the exterior fire department connection and the check valve in the fire department inlet pipe shall be hydrostatically tested: (NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-225, 16.2.1.10)

In the same manner as the balance of the system

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When deluge systems are being hydrostatically tested: (NFPA 13,2002 — 13–225, 24.2.1.11)

Plugs shall be installed in fittings / Plugs shall be replaced with open sprinklers, after test is completed

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When trenching methods of installation is required, testing shall take place in a manner of installation, to prevent movement of pipe when testing the trench: (NFPA 13, 2002 — 13-192, 16.2.1.12*)

Shall be backfilled between the joints

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Test blanks shall have ________ lugs protruding in such a way as to clearly indicate their presence: (NFPA 13,2007 — 13-225, 24.2.1..13.1)

Painted

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Test blanks shall be: (NFPA 13,2007 — 13-225, 24.2.1.13.2)

Numbered

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When subjected to hydrostatic test pressures, the clapper of a differential-type valve shall be held: (NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-225, 24.2.1.16)

Off its seat to prevent damaging to the valve

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Waterflow detecting devices including the associated alarm circuits shall be flow tested through the inspector’s test connection and shall result in an audible alarm on the premise within _____ after such flow begins and until such flow stops: (NFPA 13,2007 — 13-225, 24.2.3.1)

5-Minutes

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A working test of a dry pipe valve alone and with a quick- opening device, if installed, shall be made by: (NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-225, 24.2.3.2.1)

Opening the inspector’s test connection

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Dry pipe test shall measure the time to trip the valve and time for water to be discharges from the inspector’s test connection. All times shall be measured from the time the inspector’s test connection is completely: (NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-22, 24.2.3.2.2)

Opened

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The automatic operation of a deluge or pre-action valve shall be tested in accordance with the: (NFPA 13,2007 — 13-225, 24.2.3..3.1)

Manufacturer’s instructions

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When flushing sprinkler systems, the main drain shall be opened and remain open until the system: (NFPA 13, 2007— 13-225, 24.2.3.4.1)

Pressure stabilizes

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When the contractor is testing, important items are recorded on the contractor’s test certificate, such as: (NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-225, 24.2.3.4.2)

Static pressure / Residual pressures

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The maximum pressure at any point in a fire standpipe system: (NFPA 14, 2007 — S-648, 7.2Q)

Shall not exceed 350-psi

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Where the residual pressure at a 1-1/2-inch (40 mm) outlet on a hose connection exceeds 100 psi an approved: (NFPA 14, 2007 — S-48, 7.2.1.1Q)

An approved pressure-restricting device shall be provided

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Class 1 systems shall be provided with _________: (NFPA 14, 2007 — S-50, 7.3.2Q)

65-mm (2-1/2- inch) hose connections

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Hose connections and hose stations in fire standpipes shall be unobstructed and shall be located not less than: (NFPA 14, 2003 — S-50, 7.3.1.1, See Figure #1)

3-Feet or more than 5-feet above the floor

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The installing contractor for a standpipe system shall provide a sign identifying the basis of th system design as: (NFPA 14, 2007 — S-47, 6.8.1)

Hydraulic calculations / Pipe schedule

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Rubber- gasketed pipe fittings and couplings should not be installed where ambient temperatures can be expected to exceed _____ unless listed for this service: (NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-254, A.6.4.3)

150 F

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Test 4.2 Question

Answer

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The ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water; the scales of the most commonly used hydrometers are based on a specific gravity of:

1.00 for water

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If a flammable gas with a gas specific gravity greater than 1 escapes from its container:

It will typically sink to a low level and can travel considerable distances to potential sources of ignition

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Propane C3 H8, which has a molecular weight of 44, is heavier than air and, if leaking from a cylinder will:

Will accumulate near the ground

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The density of gas will:

Decrease as its temperature is increased

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Hot products will tend to:

Rise

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The composite molecular weight of dry air:

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the composite molecular weight has a number less than dry air, then that gas will:

Rise

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An electric current is generally used with:

Ampere

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If there is a spillage of liquefied natural gas(LNG), the vapor is heavier than air because of its low temperature, despite the fact that the gas specific gravity of the methane (CH$), the principal component, is less than 1 (Its molecular weight is 16) As with propane at ambient temperature. LNG spill can be very dangerous, as:

The vapor can be spread over a wide area with little dilution

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Because molecules of a liquid are always in motion (the amount of motion depends upon the temperature of the liquid), molecules are continually escaping from the free surface of the liquid to the space above. SOme molecules remain in this space while others due to random motion, collide with the liquid and are “recaptured”. If the liquid is in an open container, molecules (collectively called vapor), continuously escape from the surface:

And the liquid evaporates

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As the Temperature of a liquid increases, its vapor pressure approaches and ultimately exceeds atmospheric pressure. In the open air, the liquid will boil when its pressure equals atmospheric pressure; the corresponding liquid temperature is known as the:

Boiling point

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Absolute pressure equals the total force exerted against a unit of area. it is measured in Pascals (newtons per square meter) or in pound per square inch (PSI). It often is expressed in fractions or multiples of atmospheric pressure, or in terms of the height of a column of liquid (usually mercury) that will balance the absolute pressure is determined by adding a gage pressure to atmospheric pressure. The atmospheric, or ambient pressure equals:

101.3 KPa / 14.7 PSIA / 30-inches of mercury

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The term “meter” is generally associated with:

Length

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The approach taken in converting from U.S. customary units to SI units have been to retain the precision of the original measurement. For example: miles properly translates to:

Kilometers

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To convert from foot to meter we multiply by:

0.3048

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To convert from inch to meter we multiply by

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To convert from inch to millimeter we multiply by:

25.4

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Fire can be extinguished by:

Physical separating the combustible substance from the flame; removing or diluting the oxygen / Reducing the temperature of the combustion or the flame / introducing chemicals that modify the combustion chemistry

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When water is applied to a fire of a solid combustible burning in air, several extinguishment mechanics are involved simultaneously:

The solid is cooled by contact with water / gaseous flame is cooled / steam is generated, under some confined conditions, may prevent oxygen from reaching the fire

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When water acts to extinguish fire primarily be cooling, although the formation of steam helps dilute the concentration of oxygen. On the other hand, inherit gases act to extinguish a fire primarily by dilution. The most commonly used inert gas is:

Carbon dioxide

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840 F

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A term used in a number of processes that use an electric arc as the source for melting and joining metals

Arc welding (AW)

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Oxygen, since it accelerates combustion

Must never be used to cool the welder, must never be used to ventilate a confined space / Must never be sued to dust off clothing

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Hazardous sparks, e.g., globules of molten, burning metal or hot slag, are produced by both welding and cutting operations. Sparks from cutting particularly oxyfuel gas cutting, are generally more hazardous than those from welding, because the sparks are more numerous and travel greater distances. In a sense, they are jet propelled by the oxygen or jet airstreams used in cutting processes. Oxy-fuel gas flames and electric arcs are inherent and obvious ignition sources, as are hot work-pieces or sections cut from the base work-piece. Either isolation or protection of combustibles is essential, for they may be exposed to sparks that fall through cracks or other openings in floors and partitions. If those sparks are of sufficient mass to retain heat for a time, they may ignite combustible control in the cutting or welding work area, the one that is not recommended:

Move all combustibles a safe distance away, at least 35-feet (10.6 m) horizontally , and be sure that there are no openings in walls or floors within 25-feet (10.6 m) / Move the work to a safe location / (correct but not necessary >) If neither A or B steps is possible, protect the exposed combustibles with suitable fire-resistant guards and provide a trained fire watcher with extinguishing equipment readily available

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Flammable and combustible liquid fires can be controlled and extinguished, but not by using:

Fire-retardant oil

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A system employing automatic sprinklers attached to a piping system containing water and connected to a water supply so that water discharges immediately from sprinklers opened to a fire:

A wet-Pipe system

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A sprinkler system in which parallel cross mains are connected by multiple branch lines. AN operating sprinkler will receive water from both ends of its branch line while other branch lines help transfer water between cross mains: (NFPA 13, 2007, 13-19, 3.4.6*)

Gridded sprinkler system

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A gridded wet-pipe system shall be provided with a ______ not less than ______ inch in size set to operate a pressure not greater than _________ : (NFPA 13,2007 — 13-33, 7.1.2.1)

Relief valve, 1/4-inch, 175 psi

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A system employing automatic sprinkler systems attached to a piping system containing air or nitrogen under pressure, the release of which (as from the opening of a sprinkler) permits the water pressure to open a valve known as a dry-pipe valve. The water then flows into the piping system and out the opened sprinklers: (NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-19 3.4.5)

dry- pipe sprinkler system

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In dry pipe systems, a system size o not more than ______ gal. (1893 L) shall be permitted without a quick opening device and shall not be required to meet any specific water delivery requirement to the inspection test connection:(NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-33, 7.2.3.3 & 4, 1-gal= 3.785 L)

500

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In dry pipe sprinkler systems. listed pressure gauges conforming with 8.17.3 shall be connected as follows (NFPA 13, 2007 —- 13-33, 7.1.3.2)

On the water side and air side of the dry pipe valve, at exhausters and accelerators / At the air pump supplying the air receiver where one is provided / At the air receiver where one is provided, In each independent pipe from air supply to dry pipe system

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the following types of sprinklers and arrangements shall be permitted for dry pipe systems: (NFPA 13-33, 7.2.2 (1), (2)*, (3) )

Upright sprinklers / Listed dry sprinklers / Pendant and sidewall sprinklers

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The dry- pipe valve and supply pipe shall be protected against: (NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-34, 7,2;5.1*)

Freezing / Mechanical Injury

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In the location and protection of dry-pipe valves: (NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-34, 7.2.5.2.1 (1), (2), 93) )

Valve room shall be lighted and heated / The source of heat shall be of a permanently installed type / Heat tape shall not be used in lieu of heated valve enclosures to protect the dry pipe valve and supply pipes against freezing

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Air or nitrogen pressure shall be maintained on dry pipe systems: (NFPA 13, 2007 – 13-34, 7.2.6.1)

Throughout the year

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The compressed air supply in a dry-pipe system shall have a capacity of restoring normal air pressure in the system within: (NFPA 13, 2007 13-34, 7.2.6.2.2*)

30-minutes

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The requirements of 7.2.6.2.2 shall not apply in refrigerated spaces maintained below 5 F (-15 C ), where normal system aire pressure shall be permitted to be restored within: (NFPA 13, 2002 — 13-29, 7.2.6.2.3)

60-minutes

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In a dry-pipe system, an approved relief valve shall be provided between the air supply and the shut off valve and shall be set to relieve pressure no less than ______ in excess of system air pressure provided in 7.2.6.6.1 and shall not exceed manufacturer’s limitation: (NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-35, 7.2.6.4)

10-psi

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The connection pipe from the air supply to the dry pipe valve shall not be less than ______ in diameter and shall enter the system above the priming water level of the dry pipe valve: (NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-34, 7.2.6.3.1)

1/2-inch

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Not more than _______ automatic sprinklers shall be controlled by any one pre-action sprinkler valve: (NFPA 13, 2007 —- 13-35, 7.3.2.2)

1000

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A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers that are attached to a piping system that contains air, that might or might not be under pressure, which a supplemental detection system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers: (NFPA 13, 2007, 13-19, 3.4.9*)

Pre-action sprinkler system

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A sprinkler system employing open sprinklers that are attached to a piping system that is opened by the operation of a detection system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers. When this valve opens, water flows into the piping system and discharges from all sprinklers attached thereto (NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-18, 34.4)

Deluge sprinkler system

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Local water-flow alarms shall be provided on all sprinkler systems having more than: (NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-89, 8.17.1.1)

20-sprinklers

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Fire department connection shall be on the ________ side of the water supply check valve: (NFPA 13,, 2007 — 13-90, 8.17.2.4.1*)

Street side/ suction

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A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers attached to a piping containing air under pressure with a supplemental detection system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers. Operation of the detection system actuates tripping devices that open dry-pipe valves simultaneously and without loss of air pressure in the system. OPeration of the detection system also opens listed air exhaust valves at the end of the feed main, which usually precedes the opening of sprinklers. The detection system also serves as an automatic fire alarm system: (NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-18, 3.4.3)

Combined dry pipe-preaction sprinkler system

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A wet pipe sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers that are attached to a piping system that contains an antifreeze solution and that are connect to a water supply. The antifreeze solution is discharged, followed by water, immediately upon operation of sprinklers opened bh heat from a fire: (NFPA 13, 2007 - - - 13-18, 3.4.1)

Antifreeze sprinkler system

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Where sprinkler systems are supplied by potable water connections, the use of antifreeze solutions other than water solutions of pure glycerine (C.P. Or U.S.P. 96.5. percent grade) or propylene glycol shall: ( NFPA 13, 2007, 13-38, 7.6.2.1)

Not be permitted

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In no case shall maximum water temperature flowing through the sprinkler portion if the system exceed: (NFPA 13, 2007 - - - 13-41, 7.7.1.3.1.1)

120 F

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Caution signs shall be attached to all valves controlling sprinklers. The caution sign shall be worded as follows: (NFPA 13, 2007 - - - 13-41, 7.7.1.5)

This valve controls fire protection equipment, automatic alarm will be sonded if this valve is closed / do not close until after fire has been extinguished / use auxiliary valves when necessary to shut off supply to auxiliary equipment

A type of sprinkler application control mode sprinkler that is capable of producing characteristics large water droplets and that is listed for its capability to provide fire control of specific high-challenge fire hazards: (NFPA 13, 2007 - - - 13-19, 3.6.2.3)

Large drop sprinkler

Large drop sprinklers are permitted to be used in: (NFPA 13, 2007 - - - 13-50 8.4.7.1)

Wet / Dry / Preaction systems

A dot on the top of the deflector, the color of the coating material, or colored frame arms shall be permitted for color identification of: (NFPA 13, 2007 - - - 13-27, 6.2.5.2)

Corrosion- resistant sprinklers

Test 4.3 Question

Answer

The physical state of a substance that has no shape or volume of its own but will take the shape and fill the entire volume of whatever container or other enclosure it occupies: (NFPA, Fire handbook - - -gases)

Gas

A term used which has no shape of its own, but does have a volume: (NFPA, Fire handbook —- gases)

Liquid

A term which has both its own shape and volume: (NFPA, Fire handbook —- gases

Solid

Gases are composed of extremely minute particles in constant motion. This motion affects the properties and behavior of gases. The higher the temperature: (NFPA, Fire handbook —- gases)

The more rapid the motion

A liquefied gas is: (NFPA, Fire handbook —- gases)

Much more concentrated than compressed gas

Flammable gas is a gas that is flammable at atmospheric temperature and pressure in a mixture of _________ or less (by volume) with air, or that has a flammable range with air wider than 12-percent,regardless of the lower limit: (NFPA, Fire handbook —- gases)

13-percent

In NFPA usage, any gas that will burn in the normal concentrations of oxygen in the air is considered a flammable gas. Flammable gases will burn in the air in the same way flammable liquid vapors burn in the air, i.e., each gas will burn only with a certain range of gas-air mixture compositions. (The flammable or combustion range) and will ignite only: (NFPA, Fire handbook —- gases)

At a certain temperature / above a certain temperature / at the ignition temperature

Non flammable gases are those that will not burn in any concentration of air or oxygen. A number of these gases, however , support combustion while other suppress combustion is often referred as: (NFPA Fire Handbook —- gases)

Oxidizers / oxidizing gases

Some of the non flammable gases that support combustion and are generally (NFPA Fire Handbook —- gases)

Oxygen / oxygen-helium / oxygen-nitrogen

Among those gases that will not support combustion are generally known as: (NFPA Fire Handbook —- gases)

Nitrogen, argon and helium / Carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide

Gases that will not support are generally known as : (NFPA Fire Handbook —- gases)

Inert

A gas that exist solely in the gaseous state under pressure at all normal atmospheric temperatures inside its container is considered a : (NFPA Fire Handbook —- gases)

Compressed gas

A container of compressed gas is rather limited in weight of gas it can hold. The largest common portable cylinder of compressed oxygen contains only about ___________ ponds. (9KG) of oxygen or about 245-cu. ft. (6.9-M^3) of oxygen measured at NTPN(normal temperature pressure ) of 70 F (21 C) and 14.7-psig : (NFPA Fire Handbook —- gases)

A gas at 70 F (21 C) inside its closed container, exist

Liquefied gas

Certain gases can present a serious life hazard if they are released into the atmosphere. These gases which are poisonous or irritating when inhaled or contacted, include chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, ammonia and carbon monoxide, among others. The presence of these gases may complicate firefighting efforts by exposing firefighters to: (NFPA fire handbook —- gases)

Toxic hazard

A liquefied gas that exists in its container at temperatures below -130 F (-90 C). A principal reason for this distinction with respect to a liquefied gas is that a ________________ ___________ cannot be retained indefinitely in a container. Heat from the atmosphere, which can be slowed but not prevented from entering the container, tend to continually raise the container pressure. If the gas is confined, the resulting pressure could greatly exceed any feasible container strength (NFPA fire handbook —- gases)

Cryogenic gas

Gases expand when heated, producing an increase in pressure on container which can result in: (NFPA fire handbook —- gases)

Gas release / Fail during fire / container failure

A compressed has (solely in the gaseous state) simply attempts to expand and follow classic gas behavior laws. No actual gas follows the laws exactly, but there are laws that are sufficiently accurate to predict the behavior of compressed gases under commonly encountered conditions. The laws of (NFPA fire handbook —- gases)

Charles’ / Boyles’

The law that states that the volume occupied by a given mass of gas varies inversely with the absolute pressure if the temperature is not allowed to change, or PV= constant. This is (NFPA fire handbook —- gases)

Boyles’

The law that states that the volume of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature if the pressure is kept constant. Thus V/T = constant. This is: (NFPA fire handbook —- gases)

Charles’

These gases are flammable gases customarily used for burning with air to produce heat, which in turn is used as a source of heat (comfort and process), power or light. By far the principal and most widely used are natural gas and liquefied petroleum gases (butane and propane). These gases are primarily used as: (NFPA fire handbook —- gases)

Fuel gases

These gases are non-flammable, but they make combustibles ignite at lower temperatures, accelerate combustion, and start fires by causing flames in fuel- burning appliances to extend beyond their combustion chambers : (NFPA fire handbook —- gases)

Oxygen / other oxidizing gases

Pressure relief devices are provided on most compressed and liquefied gas containers to limit container pressure to a level the container can safely withstand, although fusible plugs are sometimes used on smaller containers. The start-to-discharge pressure settings of these devices are related to the strength of the container. The type of overpressure relief devices used on larger containers are : (NFPA fire handbook —- gases)

Spring-loaded pressure-relief valves / bursting discs

The liquefied gas BLEVE, this failure is termed : (NFPA fire handbook —- gases)

Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion

Special precautions are needed when acetylene cylinders are exposed to fire. If an acetylene cylinder is exposed to fire, the fusible-metal pressure-relief devices will function when the metal reaches about : (NFPA fire handbook —- gases)

212 F

Acetylene is only slightly lighter than air and therefore : (NFPA fire handbook —- gases)

Does not readily dissipate

A common hazard of acetylene cylinders happens when a small leak occurs and ignites, resulting in a small flame. This small flame can cause heating of the fusible metal, resulting in the release of torch-like flame which can be as much as : (NFPA fire handbook —- gases)

12-feet

This substance is used primarily to carbonate beverages, to provide an inert, and to extinguish fires : (NFPA fire handbook —- gases)

Carbon dioxide

Fire alarm systems may provide types of signals (NFPA Fire Handbook —- fire alarm systems)

Alarm / supervisory / trouble

A warning of fire danger that requires immediate action is: (NFPA Fire Handbook —- fire alarm systems)

An alarm signal

Action is needed in connection with the operation of the other fire protection systems that are being monitored by the fire alarm systems (NFPA Fire Handbook —- fire alarm systems)

A supervisory signal

In some cases, a central station operating company may collect signals from a specific geographic area at subsidiary station and then transmit the signals to a central station for handling. While the subsidiary station is not normally staffed, NFPA requires that it be capable of being staffed in an emergency. Such an emergency might include the failure of communication channels between the subsidiary station and the central station, the NFPA reference (NFPA Fire Handbook —- fire alarm systems)

This system is used in occupancies, such as high-rise buildings, where it is necessary to relocate occupants go areas of refuge, rather than evacuate them. The voice/alarm system consist of a series of high-reliability speakers located throughout the building. They are connected to, and controlled from, the fire alarm communication console located in an area designated as a building fire command station. From the building fire command station, individual speaker zones or the entire building can be selected to receive an alert tone followed by a voice message that gives specific instructions to the occupants. Some systems have fire warden telephone stations on each floor, or within each fire zone , to which a fire warden would report to assume local command and pass specific evacuation instructions. - A trained building employee usually operates the fire command station until the fire department arrives , at which time the officer in charge takes over. The fire warden station may also be used during fire- fighting operations for communication with the fire fighters whose hand- portable two- way radios may not function properly in the high-rise building. One important aspect of this system is that since complete building evacuation is not always feasible, it can unstruc occupants to relocate to areas of refuge where they can safely wait for the fire to be brought under control. In such cases communication with these relocated occupants must be maintained to prevent panic and to facilitate further relocation if necessary. This system is known as: (NFPA fire handbook — fire alarm systems)

Emergency voice/ alarm communication system

This system is designed to receive signals from protected premises at a constantly attended location operated by a company whose purpose is providing central station service. This operating company must be listed by either UL or FM Global research. These station installations must have either the UL certificate or FM global research placard; Whichever means to verify the character of the installation is required by the authority having jurisdiction. in the majority of cases service is provided only for industrial and commercial facilities of relatively high value. In such cases this system enhances the property protection aspects of a facility in order to satisfy the recommendations submitted by a highly protected risk property insurance company acting in its role of authority having jurisdiction for matters relating to property insurance. This system is called: (NFPA Fire handbook— fire alarm systems)

Central station fire alarm system

when water is applied to a fire, steam is formed. The dilution of the air(oxygen) supply around the fuel sources provides suppression by a smothering action. Suppression by this method is more effective if the steam and water droplets are confined around the fuel source. The steam and water droplets also continue to extinguish a fire by: (NFPA Fire handbook — Fire alarm systems)

Cooling

This type of fire alarm system is widely used in large commercial or industrial occupancies. Signals transmitted over the system are received and automatically and permanently recorded at a constantly attended station located either at the protected premises or at another location of the property owner. In very simplistic terms, this system is similar to a central station system, but with the supervising station owned and operated by the property owner and located at the protected premises or another location of the property owner. This system is known as a (NFPA Fire handbook — fire alarm systems)

Proprietary

The elements of a fire that are most often used as a basis for detection, the one that is not: (NFPA Fire handbook — fire alarm systems)

Noise

A heat detector designed to alarm when the temperature of the operating element reaches a specific point. The air temperature at the time of alarm is usually considerably higher than the rated temperature because it takes time for the air to raise the temperature of the operating element to its set point. This condition is called lag. These heat detectors are available to cover a wide range of operating temperatures from 135 Degrees Fahrenheit (57 Degrees celsius) and higher. Higher temperature detectors are also necessary so that detection can be provided in areas normally subjected to high ambient (non-fire) temperatures’, or in areas zoned so that only detectors in the immediate fire area operate in this type of automatic fire detector known as: (NFPA Fire handbook — fire alarm systems)

Operating principles of fixed-temperature heat detectors

This fire alarm system connects the outputs from a building fire alarm signal and transmits them into a remote location NFPA 72 specifies that fire alarm signals must be received at the public fire service communication center, at a fire station, or at the location of the public agency that has the responsibility to receive fire alarms from the public. if the public agency is unwilling to receive the remote station fire alarm signals, or if that agency is willing to allow another organization to receive those signals,then the signals may be received at a location acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction that is attended by trained personnel retransmit the signals to the public fire service communication center. This system is known as: (NFPA Fire handbook — fire alarm systems)

Remote station systems

Eutectic metal-alloys of bismuth, lead, tin, and cadmium that melt rapidly at predetermined temperature can be used as operating elements for heat detection. the most common us is the fusible element in an automatic sprinkler. fusing of the elements allows the cover of the orifice to fall away, water to flow in the system and the alarm to be initiated. what type of operating fixed- temperature heat detectors described above:(NFPA Fire handbook — fire alarm systems)

fusible-element type

A eutectic metal may also be used to actuate an electric heat detector. the eutectic metal is often used a s solder to secure a spring under tension. when the element fuses, the spring action closes contacts and initiates an alarm. dwcises using eutectic metals cannot ________; either the device or its operating element ________:(NFPA Fire handbook — fire alarm systems)

Be restored; Must be replaced following operation

A device that responds when the temperature of the surrounding air reaches a predetermined level, regardless of the rate of temperature rise: (NFPA Fire handbook — fire alarm systems)

Rate compensation detectors

A heat detector that will respond quickly to a rapidly developing fire is a: (NFPA Fire handbook — fire alarm systems)

Rate-of-rise-detector

One effect that a flaming fire has on the surrounding environment is to rapidly increase air temperature in the space above the fire. This fixed temperature heat detector will not initiate an alarm until the air temperature near the ceiling exceeds the design operating point. This heat detector, however, will function when the rate of temperature exceeds a predetermined value.

Rate-of-rise-detector

A fault in a monitored circuit or component of the fire alarm system, or the disarrangement of the primary or secondary power supply: (NFPA Fire handbook — fire alarm systems)

A trouble system

One gallon of liquid produces most nearly:

223-cu. ft. of stream

Two terms sometimes used to describe the conveyor of water from the source of supply to the distribution system are aqueduct and:

conduit

Water may be used to smother a burning flammable liquid when the liquid has a flashpoint above 100 degrees fahrenheit (37.8 degrees celsius), a specific gravity greater than 1.0 and is not water soluble. to achieve this most effectively, a foam concentrate is added to the water to form a foam-water solution. the foam-water solution must then be applied: (NFPA Fire handbook — fire alarm systems)

Gently to the surface of the flammable liquid

The presence of suspended smoke particles generated during the combustion process effects the propagation of a light beam passing through the air. the effect can be utilized to detect the presence of fire in two ways, (1) obstruction of light intensity on the beam path or (2) scattering of the light beam, this type of smoke detector is called: (NFPA Fire handbook — fire alarm systems)

Photoelectric smoke detector

far and away the most common electrically operated water-flow alarm initiating device is the: (NFPA Fire handbook — fire alarm systems)

Vane-type water-flow switch

Based on the danger of fire deaths occurring in smoke-filled stairways where occupants are trapped after discovering that they have entered a n unsafe area cannot return to the corridor, the NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, requires all stairway exit “ Locked Doors” be unlocked when an alarm occurs in the building. Once again, the proper way to interconnect these unlocking devices is so that when power is lost: (NFPA Fire handbook —Automatic fire detectors)

They unlock

The specific heat of water is 1.0 BTU per lb. Therefore, raising the temperature of 1-lb. Of water 180 degrees Farenheit from 32 Degrees Fahrenheit to 212 Degrees Fahrenheit requires: (NFPA Fire handbook — “character and hazards of water”)

180 BTU’s

special care must be exercised when using water as an extinguishing agent with class B, I.e., flammable and combustible liquids. When the liquid is lighter( specific gravity is less than 1.0) than water, the water can submerge beneath the liquid and can cause the flammable or combustible liquid to flow from its containment, spreading the fire. with crude oil, water can submerge to the bottom of the container and cause crude oil to”boilover”. Water immiscible with hydrocarbon fuel does not provide an effective coating of the fuel surface, and does not dilute the flammable or combustible mixture below the flammable limits. Water is an effective fire suppression agent: (NFPA Fire handbook — “character and hazards of water”)

when combined with fire-fighting foam

A smoke detector will detect most fires much more rapidly than a:(NFPA Fire handbook — fire alarm systems)

Heat detector

An enclosed pipe capable of withstanding internal water pressure: (NFPA Fire handbook)

Conduit

A feature not required for control valves for water distribution system using gate valves: (NFPA Fire handbook — water distribution system)

Stems of bronze with minimum tensile strength of 64,000 psi

Water expands in its conversion from a liquid state to a vapor state: (NFPA fire handbook — characters & hazards of water)

1600 to 1700 time the liquid volume

Gate valves of the non-indicating type are provided in distribution systems to allow segments to be shut off for repairs or extensions without reducing protection over a wide area. such valves are normally a non-rising stem type that require: (NFPA Fire handbook — Water distribution system)

A key wrench to operate

in oxygen-enriched atmospheres, combustible substances possess a lower ignition temperature and burn more rapidly than in air. flame spread can be extremely rapid rapid, especially if bedding or clothing is saturated with oxygen. The safe practices for the use of respiratory therapy equipment is detailed in: (NFPA Fire handbook – medical gases )

NFPA 99

Test 4.4 Question

Answer

Assume you have assigned 12 fitters to work on a fire suppression system to be completed in 10-days. At the end of the 8th day, only 3/4 of the job has been completed. In order to complete the job on time you should assign a minimum of:

4-fitters

A single-outlet fire department connection shall be available where piped to a (NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-32, 6.8.1.3)

3- Inch or smaller riser

When brazed joints are specified to be used in fire suppression systems, the brazing alloy shall have metal (classification AWS A5.8) and shall be of the (NFPA 2007 — 13-29, Table 6.3.1.1)

BCup - 3 / BCup-5

Regarding cross connections in a standpipe system, if there is no cellar in the building cross connections are (NFPA 14-2003 — S-70, 7.5 (2) )

May be hung from the ceiling of the lowest story

A gauge that can be used to measure either a vacuum or pressure in P.S.I.G is

Compound Gauge

A permanently installed drain riser of adequate size shall be provided adjacent to each standpipe or attached sprinkler system equipped with pressure regulator devices to facilitate tests at each device. The riser shall be equipped with a (NFPA 14, 2003 — S-80, 7.12.1, 7.12.1.1)

Plug and located on every floor

High-rise buildings shall have at least ________ remotely located fire department connection for each zone (NFPA 14, 2003 — S - 81, 7.13.2)

Two

Threaded lightwall steel pipe has been specified to be used in the installation of a sprinkler system, the maximum distance between hangers supporting horizontal 3-inch pipe in the system: (NFPA 13- 2007 — 13-97, Table 9.2.2.1.9(a) )

12-feet

Steel Pipe, except threaded lightwall pipe has been specified to be used in the installation of a sprinkler system, the maximum distance between hangers supporting horizontal 3-inch pipe in the system: (NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-97, Table 9.2.2.1(a) )

15- Feet

Copper tube pipe has been specified to be used in the installation of a sprinkler system, the maximum distance between hangers supporting 1 - inch pipe in the system : (NFPA 13, 2007, 13-97, Table 9.2.2.1(a) )

8-feet

Solder joints, where permitted, shall be fabricated in accordance with the methods and procedures listed in __________ , Standard Practice for making Capillary Joints by Soldering of Copper and Copper Alloy Tube and Fittings

ASTM B 828

Depending on the schedule for the use of pipe in a sprinkler system, bending is permitted under certain conditions. One of these conditions is that for schedule 40 and copper tubing 2-1/2-inches or larger in diameter, the minimum radius for the bend must be (NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-29, 6.3.7.2)

5-pipe diameters

Pipe for buried portions of the standpipe system, whether inside or outside of the building shall be (NFPA 14, 2003 — S-40, 4.2.2)

Hard tempered type “K” copper tubing / Red brass / Ductile iron, galvanized steel

Of the following contractors, the one who must install the fill lines serving a combination domestic water and reserve standpipe supply tank up to and including the roof tank check valve: (Admin. Code,2014 —99, 88, 28-408.6, plbg. code 2014 — 13, PC 202)

Licensed Master Plumber Contractor

When placing an extension ladder against a straight wall the ladder must be placed at a safe angle against the wall. Therefore the recommended practice, the distance the foot of the ladder from the wall would be approximately equal to (O.S.H.A. rules)

1/4 the length of the ladder

In order to give high pressure in multistage pumps, two or more impellers and casings can be assembled on one shaft as a single unit, forming a multi-stage pump. The discharge from the first stage enters the suction of the second stage discharge from the second stage enters the suction of the third, and so on. The pump capacity is the rating in (NFPA Fire handbook — multi stage pumps)

Gallon per minute (L/min) of one stage

The total head of a pump is the energy imparted to the liquid as it passes through the pump. It may be expressed in various units of pressure, but for fire protection it is generally given in: (NFPA Fire handbook — Characteristics pump curves (total head))

Pounds per square inch (psi) / kilopascals (kPa) / in feet (ft.) or meters (m) liquid measured vertically

Closets and cabinets used to contain fire hose shall be a size to allow the installation of the necessary equipment at hose stations and the signs so they do not interfere with the prompt use of the hose connection, the hose, and other equipment at the time of the fire. Within the cabinet, the hose connection shall be located so that there is at least ___________ between any part of the cabinet and the handle of the valve when the value is in any position ranging from fully open to fully closed

25.4 mm (1-inch)

of the following classifications of pipe nipples, when the threads are approximately twice the length of the pipe, it is called

Close nipple

In the installation of a centrifugal fire pump, under such vibrant pump suction flanges are not the same size, it is recommended that in practice that they be connected with: (NFPA Fire handbook — pumps)

Flange eccentric reducer

Closets and cabinets used for fire equipment only, and each cabinet shall be conspicuously identified. Where “break glass” - type protective cover for a latching device is provided, the device provided to break the glass panel shall be attached securely in the immediate area of the break glass panel and shall be arranged so that the device __________ used to break other glass panels in the cabinet door (NFPA 14, 2003 — S-46, 4.6.1.1.2, 4.6.1.2)

Cannot be

Where a fire- resistive assembly is penetrated by a cabinet, the fire resistance of the assembly shall be maintained as required by the(NFPA 14,2003 — S - 46, 4.6.1.3)

Building Code

Each hose connection provided for use by trained personnel (Class 11 and Class 111 systems) shall be equipped with not more than ______, of listed, 40 mm (1/2”) lined, collapsible or non-collapsible fire hose attached and ready for use (NFPA 14, 2003 — S-47, 4.6.2)

38.1 m (125’)

Gauges shall be located in a place, so that water cannot freeze. Each gauge shall be controlled by a valve having an arrangement for draining. Where several standpipes are interconnected at the top, ________________________ to be substituted for a gauge at the top of each standpipe. (NFPA 14, 2003 — S55, 5.6.1.1, 5.6.1.2, 5.6.1.3)

A single gauge shall be permitted

A valved outlet, for a pressure gauge, shall be installed on the _________ side of every pressure regulating device (NFPA 14, 2003 — S55, 5.6.2)

Upstream / Downstream

Where required by the authority having jurisdiction for automatic or semiautomatic systems, listed water flow and supervisory alarms shall be provided. Water flow alarms shall utilize a sensing mechanism appropriate to the type of standpipe. Paddle type water alarms shall be used on wet standpipe systems only. A test connection for testing the water flow device shall be installed in accordance with (NFPA 14, 3003, S-56, 5.7)

NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code

A “cross pipe” fitting is mainly used for connection of

Four pipes at 90 degrees

(#2)A flow test shall be required every __________ years on all class 1 and class 111 standpipe systems to verify that the required flow and pressure, are available at the hydraulically most remote hose valve outlet(s) while flowing te standpipe demand (NFPA 25, 2014 — 25-23, 6.3.1.1*)

Same as Quest. #2, the standpipe system demand shall include ______ gpm for the first standpipe (NFPA 25,2014 — 25-23, 6.3.1.2*)

500

Same as Quest. #2, for each additional standpipe ____ gpm until the total system demand is simultaneously flowing (NFPA 25,2014 — 25-23, 6.3.1.2*)

250

The _____ gpm required for each additional standpipe shall be allowed to be flowed from the most convenient hose valve on that standpipe (NFPA 25, 2014 — 25-23, 6.3.1.2.1*)

250

The distance between a hanger and the centerline of an upright sprinkler shall not be less than (NFPA 13-2007 — 13-98, 9.2.3.3)

3-inches

Where sprinklers are spaced less than 6-feet (1.8 m) apart, hangers spaced up to a maximum of ____________ shall be permitted (NFPA 13-2002 — 13-85, 9.2.3.2.2*)

12-feet

A suppressor used in a piping system is never used for:

Supporting the weight of the piping system

A suppressor used in a fire system is used for

Controlling vibrations

Screws in the side of a timber or joist shall not be less than ______ from the lower edge when supporting branch lines and not less than _____ where supporting main lines (NFPA 13- 2007 — 13-96, 9.1.5.6.1)

2-1/2-inch, 3- inch

Hangers certified by a registered professional engineer to include all of the following,shall be acceptable alternative to the requirements for hangers (NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-92, 9.1.1.2)

Hangers shall be designed to support five-times the weight of the water filled pipe plus 250-pounds (114-kg) at each point of piping support / these points of support shall be adequate to support the system. Hanger components shall be ferrous / The spacing between hangers shall not exceed the value given for the type of pipe as indicated in Table 9.2.2.1

In buildings of light or ordinary hazard occupancy , _____ hose valves for fire department use shall be permitted to be attached to wet pipe sprinkler system risers (NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-92, 8.17.5.2.1)

2-1/2-inches

In U-hook rod sizes, the minimum diameter of the rod sizes for up to 2-inches (NFPA 13, 2007, 13-94, Table 9.1.2.4)

5/16-inch

Holes for post installed anchors in the side of beams shall be above the _________ of the beam or above the bottom reinforcement system steel rods (NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-95, 9.1.3.6)

Centerline

Post-installed anchors shall be permitted to be installed in the vertical position under the following condition (NFPA 2007 — 13-94, 9.1.3.5(1))

When used in concrete having gravel or crushed stone aggregate to support pipes 4-inches or less in diameter

To prevent the bottom of the extension ladder from slipping, the bottom of the ladder side rail are often fitted with (osha rules)

Shoes

In the phrase “TO CHANGE THE LOCATION” of appurtenances to accommodate the condition, the word “ACCOMMODATE” means most nearly

Satisfy

In a piping suppression piping system a 2-inch pipe is connected to a 1-inch and is activated. Both pipe are flowing full, the velocity of the fluid in the 1-inch pipe is most nearly

4-times the velocity of that in the 2-inch pipe

Whenever a test blank is used it shall have (NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-225, 24.2.1.13.1)

Painted lugs protruding in such a way as to clearly indicate their presence

When a clapper has opened in a dry pipe valve it is said to have

tripped

Test of drainage facilities shall be made while the control valve is wide open. The main drain shall be opened and remain open until

The system pressure stabilizes

The main purpose of a fire suppression check valve

It prohibits backflow

What type of valve, an “indicator valve” would be

Butterfly

What type of sprinkler valves are to be installed on a sprinkler service

O.S. & Y. / Butterfly valve / post indicator

The piping of a booster pump pumping potable water must include(NFPA 14, 2003 — S-88, 9.1.4(2)(h))

Check valve and a gate valve at the discharge

The basic difference between a pre-action and deluge sprinkler system is that in a deluge system (NFPA 2007 — 13-18, 3.4.4, 13-19, 3.4.9*)

All sprinkler heads will discharge

Pressure of gravity tanks shall be filled at a rate of at least _____ gpm. Pipes used to fill the tanks shall not be used for any other purpose; nor shall required fire pumps be used for filling purposes (NFPA 14,2003 — S-90, 9.1.4(4)(c) )

65-gpm

what type of valves, an “INDICATOR VALVE” would be

Butterfly

In a standpipe system, a check valve is installed horizontally in the piping coming from the city water connection. Of the following type of check valves, the one which should be used in this installation

Swing

When a clapper has opened in a dry pipe valve it is said to have

Tripped

A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers attached to a piping system a system containing air or nitrogen under pressure, the release of which (as from the opening of a sprinkler) permits the water pressure to open a valve known as a ___________ and the water then flows into the piping system and out the opened sprinklers. (NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-19, 3.4.5)

Dry-pipe sprinkler system

When water leaves a sprinkler valve air orifice it gets

Wider

When installing an automatic air compressor or plant air system, a prevention device shall be installed in the air supply to each system to prevent air or water flow from one system into another. This device is a (NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-35, 7.2.6.5.4, NFPA 22)

Check valve

At the junction in sprinkler piping systems where dissimilar piping materials are joined, for example, copper to steel, this is where (NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-40, 7.7.1.14)

Dielectric fittings shall be installed

Two automatic sources of water supply shall be provided for standpipes in (NFPA 14, 2003 — S-86, 9.1.4(2)(a))

Any required automatic fire pump shall draw from two independent streets / In the event that two separate and distinct water mains are not available as a supply or the street mains cannot produce the required supply, there shall be provided a suction tank. Suction tanks shall be filled by a six inch connection to the water main / Check valves in the pump discharge like shall be either swing type or spring loaded

Automatic sources of water supply for standpipes/sprinkler systems shall include a gravity tank, automatic fire pump or: (NFPA 14,2003 — S-84,5,9.1*)

Direct connections to the public water systems

Auxiliary sources of water supply for sprinkler/standpipe systems shall include (NFPA 14,2003 — S-74, 7.9.4, S-76, 7.9.4.3(1) &(2))

Gravity tank (s-76(3)) / Siamese connection / Intermediate tanks (S-76(4))

Roof tanks used to provide the required primary water supply to a standpipe may also be used as a supply for(NFPA 14, 2003 — S-90, 9.1.4 (4)(b))

Automatic sprinkler system / Domestic water supply

When reducing a pipe size in the run of a sprinkler main, cross main, or brach (NFPA 13, 2007 — 13-30, 6.4.6)

A reducing fitting designed for that purpose shall be used

What type of fire should water not be used on (NFPA Fire handbook — flammable and combustible liquids)

Flammable liquids

Automatic sprinklers are very effective for life safety. the signal the existence of a fire. at the same time, they discharge water to the burning area. when sprinklers are installed there are raley problems getting to the seat of the fire. They also reduce interference with visibility for fire-fighting dure to smoke. The smoke level in the room. The sprinklers also serve to: (NFPA fire handbook – Overview of sprinkler systems)

Cool the smoke

Sprinkler heads are made of metal. They are screwed into piping at standard intervals. The water is prevented from leaving the sprinkler head by an arrangement of levers and links. The levers and links are soldered together on the sprinkler head. the solder is a metal alloy with a fixed melting point. Other types of sprinkler heads use a: (NFPA fire handbook – Sprinklers)

Quartz bulb, Which expands and breaks under heat

A sprinkler head that acycles water on and off depending on the temperature of 165 Degrees Fahrenheit, The valve opens, permitting water to flow. When the disc temperature cools, the valve closes to shut off the water. This sprinkler head is: (NFPA Fire handbook – Sprinklers)

A cycling sprinkler

Water discharged accidently from a sprinkler head is: (NFPA Fire handbook – Sprinklers)

A rare occurrence

Sometimes conditions exist, which cause a buildup of a foreign material on sprinkler heads. This may prevent the sprinkler head from working properly. This buildup is known as: (NFPA Fire handbook – Sprinklers)

When cleaning sprinkler heads from dust deposits, it should never: (NFPA Fire handbook – sprinklers)

use hot solutions of any kind

Non-automatic sources of water supply for sprinklers shall include:

Siamese connections

Sprinklers that have been painted, other than the manufacturer:

Must be replaced

Care must be taken to make certain that no part of a sprinkler head is covered with paint when the pipe is being painted. Such a coating may interfere with the free movement of parts and delay its opening or make it inoperative. When painting the pipe in nearby areas, the heads should be protected by covering them and the covering should be removed as soon as the painting is finished. This covering is done by using: (NFPA Fire handbook – overview of sprinklers)

Paper bags

A minor defect in a sprinkler system may be: (NFPA Fire handbook – overview of sprinklers)

Not enough replaceable sprinkler heads available

In places where the temperature is normally high (e.g. broilers, ovens and drying rooms) Sprinkler heads with a higher temperature rating must be used. This is to make sure that the sprinkler heads do not discharge water at the wrong time. if heads with a higher temperature rating are used in an ordinary room such as (e.g. an office, an apartment or store) The value of the sprinkler protection is greatly: (NFPA Fire handbook – sprinkler)

Reduced

Some sprinklers are used to break through strong updrafts of challenging fires. These sprinklers are called: (NFPA 13 - 2002 – 13-16, 3.6.2.3)

Large drop sprinklers

The spray pattern of sprinkler heads will help prevent the spread of fire. The force of the water against the deflector creates a heavy spray which is directed: (NFPA Fire handbook – An overview of sprinklers)

outward and downward

in sprinkler systems, precaution shall be taken to ensure that water temperatures: (NFPA 13, 2007 – 13-35, 7.7.1.3.2)

Below 40°F (4°C) will not be permitted

Any space or room that houses equipment of such nature that the use of water would be effective in fighting the fire or would be hazardous, that room or space shall have a conspicuous metal sign on each door opening on such space or room stating the nature of the use and the warning:

“Use no water”

Two units ( liter and bar), Outside of but recognized by S.I. are commonly used in international fire protection. These units are listed with conversion factors. The conversion factor for one gallon to a liter is: (NFPA 13,2007 – 13-13, Table 1.7.1.3)

3.7854

The following abbreviation UL means most nearly: (NFPA 13, 2002 – 13-16, 2.3.7

Underwriters Laboratories

Hose connections in fire standpipe systems shall be equipped with: (NFPA 14, 2003 – s-47,4.7.3)

Caps to protect the hose threads

Hose valves shall be listed, connection shall have nominal 2-1/2- inch threads conforming to: (NFPA 14, 2003 – s-47,4.7.1,4.7.2)

FDNY

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